Interdisciplinary Studies on the Human Condition
Articulation and language development can have several meanings, it can be the simple ability to understand commands in the case of young children, but also the language necessary for a well-articulated discussion in the case of an older child or an adult. Basic motor skills develop in the early years and affect the larger muscles to help the child do daily activities and fine motor skills develop during the eight years: the child begins to lift objects with his whole hand, to hold a pen to draw and others. These aspects are universal regardless of the area in which the child develops or the generation he belongs to. Because the child is in this continuous growth and relies mainly on copying those around him, this period is delicate for the child forming characteristics that can be malleable in relation to the area and time in which he/she is born. The educational system has a significant effect on the child’s development and early emotional and cognitive development. In Spain, from 1990 to 2019, the enrollment rate of children in early childhood education (ages 0-3) increased by 120%, increasing from 28,631 to almost 470,000. The second stage of early childhood education in terms of enrollment rates increased by 96.0%. The enrollment rate for 3-year-olds is 96.1% and the age-specific enrollment rates in the second stage are higher than in the first (Zhang, 2023). The Spanish Institute of Statistics stated that the enrollment of children between the ages of 3 and 5 in Spain was close to 100% in 2017. The enrollment rates are equal between genders. In the academic years 2019- 2020, 2009-2010, and 2014-2015, there were no discrepancies between the enrollment rates between girls and boys. The objectives of primary education given by Royal Decree Number 95/2022 issued on February 1, 2022 attest to the harmonious evolution of children in their physical, emotional, social, cognitive and artistic aspects. It promotes autonomy and the gradual development of a positive and balanced self-image with civic values and the cultivation of language, mathematics, science and social skills.
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