Diandra Maria Pânișoară
Regarding a healthy diet, real risks are reported with only 16%, of the young people questioned, eating fruit more than once a day and 23% having vegetables daily. Another fundamental aspect in maintaining health is physical activity which has continued to decrease since 2014. Self-image beyond health aspects is a recurring problem. Almost one in five teenagers in Spain is overweight, with a predominance in boys, but girls are more likely to report dissatisfaction with their bodies and diet. Risks related to substance use have decreased among teenagers in Spain in the last two decades. The number of teenagers who drink alcohol has fallen by more than ten points since 2002. Daily smoking has fallen to just a third of the level at the beginning of the century. Small dangers remain when it comes to sleep. Less than half of the 11 and 12 year olds surveyed get enough sleep on school nights, with girls reporting less sleep than boys. In terms of social and family life, the majority of young people in Spain still live in two-parent homes, but this has decreased in the last 20 years. Fewer teenagers report significant levels of family support. Support from friends, colleagues and teachers has also decreased. Mental health, although an increasingly common topic, has had one of the biggest declines. Only 27% of Spanish teenagers describe their health as excellent, a drop from 36% in 2018 (World Health Organization, 2023) Humans are social beings who find themselves in the context of the social dynamics they experience. Thus, the type of society, whether individualistic or collectivist, shapes them as people. In terms of Spain’s transition to democracy in the 1970s and its integration into the global economy in the 1980s, they produced a significant change, moving from a family-oriented society to one that was more focused on the individual. Given its socio-economic dynamics and distinct cultural context, Spain offers a particular case for the study of individualization and individualism. Spain presents delays in the traditional stages of adulthood. Young people leave the parental home and start a family later than most
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