[30] M. D. Lawal, “Inside the AI-driven propaganda elevating Burkina Faso’s leader,” Dubawa, June 16, 2025. Available: https://dubawa.org/inside-the-ai-driven-propaganda-elevating-burkina-fasos-leader-ibrahim- traore/ [31] D. Whitman, “A Movie We’ve Seen Before.” [32] Ibid. [33] S. D’Urso, “Many Questions Still Unanswered After Wagner’s Attempted ‘March on Moscow’,” The Aviationist, June 27, 2023. Available: https://theaviationist.com/2023/06/27/wagners-march-on-moscow/ [34] F. Wehrey and A. S. Weiss, “The Right Way for America to Counter Russia in Africa,” Foreign Affairs, July 9, 2024. Available: https://www.foreignaffairs.com/africa/right-way-america-counter-russia-africa [35] D. Whitman, “A Movie We’ve Seen Before.” [36] “A Growing Divergence of Security Narratives in Burkina Faso,” Africa Center for Strategic Studies, Aug. 26, 2025. Available: https://africacenter.org/spotlight/security-narratives-burkina-faso/ [37] Ibid. [38] D. Whitman, “A Movie We’ve Seen Before.” [39] I. U. Klyszcz, “Russia-Africa Ties Catch Global Tailwinds in 2025,” Riddle, Dec. 18, 2025. Available: https://ridl.io/russia-africa-ties-catch-global-tailwinds-in-2025/ [40] H. Chen and A. Adebayo, “Wang Yi’s First African Tour After FOCAC9 Sets the Tone for Africa- China Relations in 2025,” The Diplomat, Jan. 13, 2025. Available: https://thediplomat.com/2025/01/wang-yis-first-african-tour-after-focac9-sets-the-tone-for- africa-china-relations-in-2025/ [41] “Wang Yi’s 2026 Africa Tour: Strengthening Strategic Ties,” Beyond the Horizon, Jan. 13, 2026. Available: https://behorizon.org/wang-yis-2026-africa-tour-strengthening-strategic-ties/ [42] M. Schwikowski, “How China promotes its language and culture in Africa,” Deutsche Welle, Sept. 27, 2025. Available: https://www.dw.com/en/how-china-promotes-its-language-and-culture-in-africa/a-74137003 [43] Ibid. [44] M. A. Kuo, “China-Russia Cooperation in Africa and the Middle East,” The Diplomat, Apr. 3, 2023. Available: https://thediplomat.com/2023/04/china-russia-cooperation-in-africa-and-the-middle-east/ [45] “China Becomes Africa’s Top Weapons Supplier, but Motive and Quality Stir Debate,” Africa Defense Forum, July23, 2024. Available: https://adf-magazine.com/2024/07/china-becomes-africas-top-weapons-supplier-but-motive-and- quality-stir-debate/
// RUSSIA AND CHINA IN AFRICA Delphi Global Research Center
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