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Three-Way, Three-Position - Controls single-acting cylinders. Three-way denotes the flow pattern. Oil flows through three individual ports: (1) inlet, (2) “A” work port, and (3) “B” work port. Three-position denotes the handle position: (1) forward or up, (2) neutral or middle, and (3) back or down. Power up, gravity down. Tie Rod Cylinder - A hydraulic cylinder held together by 4 tie bolts that hold the rod end gland and the base plate onto the cylinder tube. The advantage of the tie-rod cylinder is that they are easier to repair in the field and are less expensive. Torque - The turning effort of a hydraulic motor or rotary cylinder. Usually given in inch-pounds (in-Ibs) or foot-pounds (ft-lbs). The twisting motion produced on the shaft of a motor which provides it the capacity to do work. Trunnion - The trunnion mount is a mounting that is typically housed around the barrel and has two male pins located 180 degrees from one another. Two-stage Pump - Two pump sections contained in one housing, one with a large gear set and one with a small gear set. Both sections utilize a common inlet and outlet. A high-volume flow, at low pressure, is provided as the gear sets work together, resulting in a fast-forward movement of a hydraulic cylinder. An internal sequence valve isolates the small gear set when a preset pressure is reached. This enables the small gear to set to generate several times greater operating pressure. But, because the discharge flow is correspondingly less, the increase in force doesn’t require any more engine horsepower. First stage: low-pressure, high-volume flow. Second stage: high-pressure, low-volume flow. U-Cup - This is a very common seal that is usually made from rubber or urethane. They are commonly used for dynamic sealing for either a piston or rod seal. Unloading Valve - A valve which allows a pump to operate at minimum load by dumping the pump’s excess oil at a low pressure. U
V Valve - A device which controls either 1) pressure of fluid, 2) direction of fluid flow, or 3) rate of flow.
Vane Pump - A pump having multiple radial vanes within a supporting rotor. The rotor is keyed to the shaft and is offset in relation to the cam ring. As the rotor turns, the vanes extend and retract depending on the point of contact with the cam ring. Oil is trapped between the vanes during one-half of the evolution on the inlet side, and the expelled during the other half of the revolution on the outlet side. The vanes extend and retract by either a spring or centrifugal force. These can be variable diplacement pumps.
Variable Displacement Pump - A pump in which the output per cycle can be varied. Velocity - The distance which a fluid travels per unit time. Usually given as feet per second. Vent - An air breathing device in a fluid reservoir. Viscosity - The measure of resistance of a fluid to flow. Volume - The amount of fluid flow per unit time. Usually given as gallons per minute (gpm).
W
Welded Cylinder - A hydraulic cylinder which has its base end welded into place. The gland is usually held in place by a retainer ring or snap ring. These cylinders are usually rated for higher pressures. Working Pressure - The pressure which overcomes the resistance of the working device.
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