Wake Forest Comprehensive Transportation Plan - Dec. 2021

WAKE FOREST COMPREHENSIVE TRANSPORTATION PLAN

Adopted: October 15, 2019 Updated: December 7, 2021

Planning

WAKE FOREST COMPREHENSIVE TRANSPORTATION PLAN

PROJECTS, UPDATES, AND INITIATIVES FORWARD

Thank you for taking time to view the Wake Forest Comprehensive Transportation Plan. Offering a clear vision of the future of transportation in Wake Forest for the next 25 years, our plan is the result of an extensive public engagement process. Centered around safety, efficiency, flexibility, innovation and inclusion, it includes recommendations that focus on moving vehicles, while also incorporating significant pedestrian, bicycle, and transit opportunities. We want our residents and visitors to move within the Town and connect with the Triangle region as safely and efficiently as possible. I invite you to take time to explore the plan and the important information it contains. We are excited to offer the plan in a new, interactive format which we believe makes it easier to understand. As a result of this plan, it is our hope that our transportation system can contribute to preserving our character, fostering economic development, strengthening our neighborhoods, delivering superior services, and providing an exceptional quality of life for our residents.

Vivian A. Jones

Vivian A. Jones Town of Wake Forest Mayor

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WAKE FOREST COMPREHENSIVE TRANSPORTATION PLAN

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Town of Wake Forest Board of Commissioners Mayor Vivian A. Jones Greg Harrington Brian Pete Anne M. Reeve Liz Simpers Bridget Wall-Lennon

Policy Committee Members Vivian A. Jones Mayor Anne M. Reeve Wake Forest Commissioner Ray Boylston Heritage Alan Gibson Heritage HOA Ellen Turco Historic District Commission Brad Walker Holding Village Deanna Welker Greenway Advisory Board Mark Marley Traditions Scott Poole Downtown, Inc. Colleen Sharpe Planning Board Member Subir Mukherjee West Wake Forest Al Merritt East End Zee Khan, Technology Advisory Board Karen Mallo St. Ives

Town of Wake Forest Staff

WSP Staff

Will Letchworth Shivang Shelat Katherine Mather Sarah Perkins Shane Corileone Leta Huntsinger Amanda Johnson Morven Maclean Ellen McAlexander Thomas Peel Sarah Schmid Hennessey Stuart Sravya Suryadevara

2019 Suzette Morales Jennifer Currin Jonathan Jacobs Chip Russell Michelle Michael Patrick Reidy Brendie Vega Allison Snyder Bill Crabtree Bess Martinson 2021 Dylan Bruchhaus Courtney Tanner Emma Linn Kari Grace Melanie Rausch Jennifer Currin Jonathan Jacobs Patrick Reidy Michelle Michael

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WAKE FOREST COMPREHENSIVE TRANSPORTATION PLAN

AMENDMENT HISTORY

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Resolution 2021-64 Resolution 2021-65 Resolution 2021-74 Resolution 2021-104 Ordinace 2021-62

March 16, 2021 March 16, 2021 April, 20 2021 July 20, 2021 December 7, 2021

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WAKE FOREST COMPREHENSIVE TRANSPORTATION PLAN

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

What is a Comprehensive Transportation Plan?

11 11 13 14 15

How do Plans Become Projects?

Vision and Objectives Developing the CTP

Previous Plans

CHAPTER 2 EXISTING CONDITIONS

Existing Land Use & Future Development

20 22 26 32 33

Existing Development Constraints & Community Resources

Demographics

Triangle Regional Model

Population and Employment Projections

CHAPTER 3 PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT

Public Survey Public Meeting #1 Public Meeting #2 Public Survey Results

36 36 36 37

CHAPTER 4 BICYCLE & PEDESTRIAN

Bicycle Network Pedestrian Network

42 42 50

Bicycle and Pedestrian Origins & Destinations

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WAKE FOREST COMPREHENSIVE TRANSPORTATION PLAN

CHAPTER 5 TRANSIT

Existing Bus Network Future Bus Network Future Rail Network Communities of Concern

53 53 53 58

CHAPTER 6 ROADWAYS

Existing Roadway Conditions

60 65 66 73 80 82 85 93

Road Hierarchy

Roadway Cross-Sections Roadway Recommendations

Grade Separations

US 1 Freeway Conversion Project Sheet

Intersection Hot Spots

Special Recommendation - One Way Loop

CHAPTER 7 PRIORITIZATION

Action Items

Project Prioritization

103

APPENDIX A GLOSSARY

109

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TABLE OF MAPS, FIGURES, AND TABLES

Map 2-1 | Surrounding Region Map 2-2 | Existing Land Use

19 20 20 21 22 22 23 26 26 27 27 29 31 32 32 33 33 43 44 45 46 47 48 50 50 51 55 56 57 58 60 61 62 63 64 73 80

Map 2-8 | Percentage of Population 65 Years of Age & Older Map 2-9 | Percentage of Population That is a Minority Map 2-10 | Percentage of the Population Below 150% of the Poverty Level

Map 4-8 | Bicycle Destinations Map 4-9 | Pedestrian Destinations

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WAKE FOREST COMPREHENSIVE TRANSPORTATION PLAN

Map 6-8 | Conceptual US1 & Service Road Alignment

84 85

Map 6-9 | Intersection Hot Spots Map 7-1 | Greenway Prioritization Map 7-2 | Roadway Prioritization

106 109

Figure 1-1 | NCDOT Implementation Figure 1-1 | Wake Forest CTP Timeline

12 14 86 87 88 89 90 91 94 96 97

Figure 6-1 | Durham Drive & Hampton Way Drive LOS Figure 6-2 | South Avenue & S Main Street LOS Figure 6-3 | NC 98 & S Main Street LOS Figure 6-4 | S Main Street & Rogers Road LOS

Figure 6-5 | Rogers Road & Heritage Lake Road/Forestville Road LOS Figure 6-6 | Burlington Mills Road & Ligon Mill Road LOS

Figure 6-7 | Existing Loop Conditions Figure 6-8 | Existing Loop Alignment Figure 6-9 | Proposed Loop Alignment

Figure 7-1 | Guiding Principles

100

Table 6-1 | Roadway Recommendations Table 6-2 | Roadway Grade Separations Along US 1 Table 6-3 | Railroad Grade Separations & Pedestrian Crossings

74 81 81

Table 7-1 | Action Items

100 105 107

Table 7-2 | Greenway Prioritization Table 7-3 | Roadway Prioritization

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WAKE FOREST COMPREHENSIVE TRANSPORTATION PLAN

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

What is a Comprehensive Transportation Plan? A Comprehensive Transportation Plan (CTP) is a long-range multi-modal plan that identifies transportation need and proposes solutions for the next 20 to 25 years. What is it? A vision for the future of multi-modal transportation; a guide for future roadway, transit, bicycle and pedestrian network. What is it not? The plan is not fiscally constrained, not a commitment of funds, nor a land use or utility plan. The CTP provides a vision for the future of transportation in Wake Forest. The document will also act as a guide for other municipal plans and upcoming developments. The Town of Wake Forest intends to provide a safe, efficient, flexible, innovative, and inclusive multi- modal transportation system that gives residents of and visitors to the Town a multitude of transportation options for local and regional travel while promoting a welcoming small-town charm and vibrant business environment.

What will these recommendations include? Recommendations will include improvements to roadways, bicycle routes, pedestrian infrastructure, and transit systems. These recommendations will be based off of various aspects of geography, demographics, upcoming projects, and future travel patterns. What about other studies conducted in the past? The goal of the CTP is to create a multi-modal plan that includes recommendations from previous plans and reports. To develop the CTP, existing town plans and ordinances were evaluated and current and projected population and employment growth, land use and future development potential were reviewed. What are the limitations of this CTP? This plan is not fiscally constrained and does not include a commitment of funds. This means the cost of projects have not been calculated and is not a factor in developing recommendations. Recommendations in the CTP do not mean to show the exact location or roadway alignments, but rather a connection between two points. How do Plans Become Projects? The path from plan to project will vary primarily depending on whether the facility is maintained by the Town of Wake Forest or the State of North Carolina. Paths for implementation for each are described below.

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In 2013, NCDOT introduced a performance-based scoring system, referred to as ‘Prioritization’ or ‘SPOT’, to allocate funding for projects. Projects are submitted and scored on a variety of metrics. These scores are normalized so projects, regardless of mode, can compete for available funding. Projects with high enough scores are included in the State Transportation Improvement Program (STIP), that ‘programs’ transportation projects over a ten-year period. Projects listed in the first five years of the STIP have dedicated funding, while projects in the second five years do not have dedicated funding. Those projects must re-compete in the next round of Prioritization/SPOT to gain funding. Though not required, projects submitted to Prioritization/SPOT often originate from MTPs. Once projects have dedicated funding, they enter project development. At this stage, environmental review and mitigation are conducted and project design is finalized before construction begins.

Town of Wake Forest Transportation Implementation Projects funded by the Town of Wake Forest are programmed through the Town’s Capital Improvement Plan (CIP). The CIP covers a five year time span; however it is updated annually to accurately reflect the needs of the Town. Committed funding for transportation projects, including greenway projects, between 2019 and 2024 is approximately $44,000,000. In addition to municipal revenue, the Town receives federal funding from the Capital Area Metropolitan Planning Organization (CAMPO) through its Locally Administered Projects Program (LAPP). Regular maintenance projects, such as resurfacing, are included in the CIP as asset maintenance projects rather than transportation projects. Projects are selected for funding using a prioritization system that is based on criteria categories and priority levels. This is approved by the Board of Commissioners. NCDOT Implementation CTPs act as the initial planning step by evaluating future multi-modal regional needs and identifying projects that will address these needs. These projects are not “fiscally-constrained” - meaning the cost of projects is not a constraint in developing recommendations. While not an exhaustive list, these projects are further refined in future planning efforts. CTPs are often prepared by the North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT), though in some circumstances CTPs can be produced by a Metropolitan Planning Organization (MPO) or municipality. Wake Forest is part of the Capital Area Metropolitan Planning Organization (CAMPO), which is responsible for long-range transportation planning for the greater Raleigh regional area. As per federal guidelines, CAMPO produces a Metropolitan Transportation Plan (MTP), a fiscally constrained long-range planning document. Often projects that are included in MTPs originate from CTPs.

Comprehensive Transportation Plan (CTP) Metropolitan Transportation Plan (MTP) Prioritization / SPOT Process State Transportation Improvement Program (STIP) Project Development and Construction

Identify Needs

Prioritize Needs

Address Needs

Figure 1-1 | NCDOT Implementation

12 | Introduction

Vision and Objectives A brainstorming workshop was conducted with the Technical Steering Committee to formulate a Vision for this plan and to establish a list of objectives that the plan will strive to achieve. The Town of Wake Forest will have a safe, efficient, flexible, innovative, and inclusive multi-modal transportation system that provides residents of and visitors to the Town with a multitude of transportation options for local and regional travel while promoting a welcoming small-town charm and vibrant business environment.

Safety • Work towards the Vision Zero goal. • Focus on safe bicycle and pedestrian crossings on major roadways. • Provide uniform signage initiatives to address accident prevention. Efficiency • Coordinate with other jurisdictions. • Utilize technology to move vehicles efficiently. • Promote increased density and commercial development. • Ensure that policies in the Unified Development Ordinance (UDO) and other documents support the CTP. transportation improvements from new developments. • Obtain appropriate Inclusivity • Ensure that low-income communities are served. • Provide educational support on various modes. • Respect previous planning and community involvement efforts. • Consider the Town as a whole. • Respect and reinforce the history, scenic character, and small-town charm of Wake Forest.

Flexibility • Ensure multiple travel options for local and regional travel. • Promote interconnectivity between existing and future developments. • Focus on providing Complete Streets. • Prepare for future commuter rail service. • Plan for multiple time horizons with flexibility. • Focus on the best use of limited funds. innovation, new modes of travel, and mobility as a service. approaches for funding and operations in case outside agencies are not meeting the Town’s needs and desires. Innovation • Embrace technology, • Explore alternative • Take advantage of “land banking” opportunities for future transportation projects.

WAKE FOREST COMPREHENSIVE TRANSPORTATION PLAN

Developing the CTP

Technical Committee Meetings 03.19.2018 05.01.2018 05.23.2018 07.18.2018 08.15.2018 06.26.2019 Policy Committee Meeting

The last CTP was completed in 2010. Development of the current CTP included evaluating existing Town plans and ordinances, current and projected population and employment growth, land use, future development potential, and planned improvements. A comprehensive public participation strategy was implemented to receive feedback from the public. The first public meeting, held in May of 2018, focused on concerns, experiences, and goals for the Town’s future of transportation. Recommendations developed from that feedback were presented at a second public meeting in May 2019. The comments received following the second meeting were incorporated into the final recommendations. For more information about public engagement efforts, view Chapter 3 Public Engagement.

03.22.2018 06.27.2018 01.23.2019 03.06.2019 05.08.2019 08.28.2019 Public Meetings

05.23.2018 05.16.2019

MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV 2018

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP 2019

DEC

Data Collection and Assessment

Project Kick-Off

P S S

Development of Draft Recommendations

S P

S S

Development of Final CTP

S P

S C

S P

B S

S P B C Community Meeting Board Briefings Policy Committee Meeting Technical Steering Committee Meeting

Public Comment Period

Figure 1-1 | Wake Forest CTP Timeline

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WAKE FOREST COMPREHENSIVE TRANSPORTATION PLAN

Previous Plans 2010 Comprehensive Transportation Plan (CTP) The 2010 CTP provided a long-term vision for multi- modal transportation for the Town. The 2019 CTP will supersede that report. 2009 Open Space and Greenway Plan The 2002 (updated 2009) Open Space & Greenway Plan starts with goals adapted from prior planning initiatives and its sections are structured like the CTP. Sections on benefits, history, and existing conditions are followed by recommendations framed around scenic corridors. Specific constraints and opportunities are noted and some information may need to be reevaluated and updated accordingly. Implementation actions, costs, project status, and priority will also need to be updated. 2009 Community Plan The Community Plan (2009) is referenced in the 2010 Transportation Plan, specifically the 15 vision statements emphasized throughout both plans. The Transportation section (page 123) is the most directly relevant section, but other sections contain important considerations such as street trees and lighting in the Appearance section. The interconnectivity of trails to schools, parks, and residences is noted as a priority. Street spacing (one mile for major streets), access control measures, preservation, and favoring character over wider streets are notable recommendations. Design recommendations for active modes, and support for compact development for transit, should also be reviewed prior to making recommendations in the CTP.

Unified Development Ordinance 2013 The 2013 Unified Development Ordinance (UDO) is not a plan, but represents the Town’s primary tool for implementing its plans and policies. The UDO for Wake Forest is relatively robust, with development regulations and standards addressing connectivity and bicycle parking not always seen in municipalities of its size. Other sections that are pertinent to, and should be reviewed for the CTP include: streetscaping, traffic impact analyses, sidewalk/bicycle designs, and signage standards. 2006 Pedestrian Plan & 2008 Bicycle Plan The 2006 Pedestrian Plan provides a vision and framework for a comprehensive pedestrian network within the Town. The plan analyzes existing conditions, plans and policies. Recommendations are developed with accompanying design guidelines and program and policy recommendations. Implementation strategies are also prepared. The 2008 Bicycle Plan was the first comprehensive bicycle plan for the Town. The Plan analyzes existing conditions, policies, plans, and programs. Short-term, medium-term, and long-term recommendations are developed for projects and programs. Most project recommendations are concentrated on major roadways, with limited recommendations on local roadways. Proposed facility types include bicycle lanes, wide striped shoulders, sharrows, multi-use paths, and greenways. Wake Forest Parks, Recreation, Cultural Resources Master Plan 2015 This Plan provides a ten-year vision for park, recreational, and cultural resources through 2025. It provides an assessment of existing facilities, community needs, and recommendations to meet the needs of the Town. The creation of greenway and trail networks is a key recommendation.

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WAKE FOREST COMPREHENSIVE TRANSPORTATION PLAN

2018-2027 North Carolina State Transportation Improvement Program (STIP) The 2018 - 2027 STIP programs transportation projects that are implemented by the North Carolina Department of Transportation for the whole state over a ten-year period. It includes highway, rail, public transportation, bicycle and pedestrian, aviation, and ferry projects. Within Wake Forest, the STIP includes transportation projects for state-maintained roads. The CTP will help guide what projects are included in future STIPs. Projects programmed for the first five years of the STIP (2018-2022) have dedicated funding, whereas projects in the second five years of the STIP do not. Capital Area Metropolitan Planning Organization (CAMPO) 2045 Metropolitan Transportation Plan (MTP) CAMPO is the Metropolitan Planning Organization (MPO) for Wake County and parts of surrounding Granville, Franklin, Johnston, and Harnett Counties. MPOs are responsible for long-range transportation plans for metropolitan area. MTPs act as fiscally- constrained plans that refine the planning recommendations made in CTPs and help guide the projects that are proposed for the STIP. CAMPO North East Area Study (NEAS) - 2014 The study looks at how to adapt transportation planning for the Northeast CAMPO jurisdiction, an area that has historically been characterized by small towns and rural land use. Regional growth has seen these areas urbanize, resulting in changes to transportation needs. The plan has a series of end products that address changing transportation needs including best practices, analysis of existing and market conditions, and recommended projects.

US 1 Corridor Study - 2006 & 2012 The study analyzes transportation solutions to convert US 1 to a freeway from I-540 in Wake County to the Vance County line. Phase I and II of the plan were completed in 2006 and 2012 respectively. The plans are currently being reviewed to revise recommendations in light of changes in surrounding land use and transportation conditions and traffic pattern changes. NC 98 Corridor Study - 2018 This study analyzes transportation improvements on NC 98 from Durham County to US 401 in Franklin County. It includes sections on highway, public transportation, bicycle, and pedestrian transportation based on traffic projections, land use, and public input. Recommendations for Wake Forest include widening NC 98 to a four-lane, median divided roadway, a continuous flow intersection (CFI) at NC 98 and Old Falls of Neuse Road, and a quadrant intersection at NC 98 and South Main Street. Wake County Transit Plan - 2016 To guide investment from the Wake County transit sales tax, the Wake County Transit Plan outlines planning goals and objectives within Wake County in the ten years since the plan’s adoption. These objectives are organized into four “Big Moves”:

1. Connect Regionally 2. Connect All Wake County Communities 3. Frequent, Reliable Urban Mobility 4. Enhanced Access to Transit

The Town of Wake Forest will see new and more frequent bus routes as part of the Plan. A commuter rail line from Downtown Wake Forest to Downtown Raleigh is also a long-term goal identified in the Plan.

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WAKE FOREST COMPREHENSIVE TRANSPORTATION PLAN

CHAPTER 2 EXISTING CONDITIONS

Roxboro

WARREN

Henderson

Oxford

PERSON

VANCE

GRANVILLE

Creedmoor

Hillsborough

Franklinton

DURHAM

FRANKLIN

ORANGE

Durham

Chapel Hill

NASH

Raleigh

Knightdale

Cary

Apex

Pittsboro

WAKE

Garner

CHATAM

Holly Springs

JOHNSTON

Clayton

LEE

Smithfield

18 | Existing Conditions

WAKE FOREST COMPREHENSIVE TRANSPORTATION PLAN

Wake Forest Municipal Boundary Wake Forest Town limits as defined in its charter, enlarged or diminished by subsequent annexations.

Town of Wake Forest Urban Service Area

Areas within the county’s jurisdiction expected and intended to be urbanized in the foreseeable future, served by public utilities and eventually becoming part of an adjacent municipality Traffic Analysis Zone (TAZ) Extents TAZs are the smallest geographical area used by Triangle Regional Model (TRM) to forecast future travel demand in the region. TAZs contain Socio-economic data such as number of households, median household income, number of jobs etc. within each zone.

Rocky Mount

Wilson

Map 2-1 | Surrounding Region

WILSON

5 miles 15 miles

30 miles

Existing Conditions | 19

WAKE FOREST COMPREHENSIVE TRANSPORTATION PLAN

Existing Land Use & Future Development

YOUNGSVILLE

RALEIGH

ROLESVILLE

Miles

0.25

0.5

Map 2-2 | Existing Land Use

Active Development shows all developments that are currently under construction. Proposed Development shows all developments that have been proposed by developers and are being reviewed by the town as of March 2019. Map 2-3 | Active & Proposed Development

Residential Commercial Recreation School

Analyzing existing land use and planned development helps anticipate future growth and methods to potentially address traffic concerns before they occur.

20 | Existing Conditions

WAKE FOREST COMPREHENSIVE TRANSPORTATION PLAN

YOUNGSVILLE

RALEIGH

ROLESVILLE

Miles

0.25

0.5

0.25

0.5

Map 2-4 | Building Footprints

Active Development Proposed Development

Non-Residential Building Residential Building

Existing Conditions | 21

WAKE FOREST COMPREHENSIVE TRANSPORTATION PLAN

Existing Development Constraints & Community Resources

YOUNGSVILLE

Falls Lake Watershed

Smith Creek Watershed

Little River Watershed

RALEIGH

Richland Creek Watershed

ROLESVILLE

Miles

0.25

0.5

Map 2-5 | Environmental Constraints

Map 2-6 | Community Resources

Floodway no encroachment 100 Year Floodway 1% annual chance of flood 500 Year Floodway 0.2% annual chance of flood Critical Watershed Non Critical Watershed and Other Watersheds

Due to the risk of flooding, development is usually minimized in floodplains.

The location of community resources inform where notable destinations are located and will influence future transportation planning decisions.

22 | Existing Conditions

WAKE FOREST COMPREHENSIVE TRANSPORTATION PLAN

YOUNGSVILLE

RALEIGH

ROLESVILLE

Miles

0.25

0.5

0.25

0.5

Map 2-7 | Historic Districts & Local Landmarks Historic district and landmark protections regulate changes that can be made to and around these properties.

Police Station Government Center Fire Station EMS Location School

Local Landmark Wake Forest Historic District Wake Forest Local Historic District Glen Royall Mill Village Historic District

Existing Conditions | 23

WAKE FOREST COMPREHENSIVE TRANSPORTATION PLAN

Wake Forest Historic District The Wake Forest Historic District was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on December 18, 2003 and has a period of significance from c. 1820 to 1953. It contains the historic core of the Town of Wake Forest, consisting of the original Wake Forest College campus, surrounding residences of college faculty, staff, and other community citizens, and other buildings. The district is focused on the historic campus of the college, established in 1834 on the plantation of Dr. Calvin Jones. The Lea Laboratory (now Broyhill Hall) (1888) is the oldest remaining building on the college campus. Other notable buildings in the district include: Wake Forest Baptist Church (1913-1915) and Binkley Chapel (1944). Wake Forest Local Historic District Wake Forest officially designated its first historic district on May 10, 1979. The district runs along North Main Street, once called “Faculty Avenue” because of all the professors who lived there, extending from North Avenue to Oak Avenue, and along North Avenue and East South Avenue. The Wake Forest Historic District includes homes and other buildings in architectural styles from Greek Revival to Queen Anne to Bungalow ranging from the early 19th to early 20th centuries. Notable buildings include: Calvin Jones House a.k.a. Wake Forest College Birthplace (1820) and the Jack Medlin Store (c. 1905) which was the subject of a NC Supreme Court case, Town of Wake Forest vs. Medlin (1930), a landmarks case that legalized land use zoning in North Carolina.

Glen Royall Mill Village Historic District The Glen Royall Mill Village Historic District was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on August 27, 1999 and has a period of significance from 1900 to 1949. The Royall Cotton Mill was incorporated in 1899, during a period of major expansion in North Carolina’s textile industry, to spin and weave cotton, producing cotton sheeting skein yarn, becoming one of North Carolina’s premiere textile concerns. Construction on the mill and village began in 1900 as the Royall Cotton Mill management began to build housing for its mill operatives and their families.

Local Landmarks • Ailey Young House • Battle-Purnell House • Forestville Baptist Church

• Heartsfield House • I.O. Jones House • Lea Laboratory • Oakforest • Powell House

• Purefoy-Chappell House • Purefoy-Dunn Plantation • Royall Cotton Mill Commissary

• The South Brick House • W.E.B. DuBois School • Wakefields

24 | Existing Conditions

WAKE FOREST COMPREHENSIVE TRANSPORTATION PLAN

Demographics Demographic characteristics help provide an understanding of the transportation needs of a community, particularly for bicycle, pedestrian, and public transportation modes. For example, Wake Forest has approximately the same percentage of population 65 years and older as Wake County, but the Town has lower percentages of minority and low-income populations.

Map 2-8 | Percentage of Population 65 Years of Age & Older

Map 2-9 | Percentage of Population That is a Minority

source: 2013-2017 ACS

50% + >25% - 50% >20% - 25% >10% - 20% 0 - 10%

20% + >15% - 20% 10 - 15% <10%

26 | Existing Conditions

WAKE FOREST COMPREHENSIVE TRANSPORTATION PLAN

Map 2-10 | Percentage of the Population Below 150% of the Poverty Level

Map 2-11 | Community of Concern Indicators

source: 2013-2017 ACS

source: CAMPO

2 1 0

40% + >25% - 40% >10% - 25% 0 - 10%

The Capital Area Metropolitan Planning Organization (MPO) uses Block Group-level data from the US Census American Community Survey to look for concentrations of classes protected under Title VI. These “communities of concern” (CofC’s) represent where potential concentrations of protected populations exist.

Existing Conditions | 27

WAKE FOREST COMPREHENSIVE TRANSPORTATION PLAN

Henders

Oxford

PERSON

VANCE

GRANVILLE

Creedmoor

Franklinton

Hillsborough

Cary

DURHAM

ORANGE

Durham

Chapel Hill

Cary

Knightdale

Raleigh

Pittsboro

Apex

WAKE

CHATHAM

Garner

Holly Springs

Clayton

LEE

HARNETT

28 | Existing Conditions

WAKE FOREST COMPREHENSIVE TRANSPORTATION PLAN

son

WARREN

This is a map showing where Wake Forest residents work, organized by Census Block. The size of the dot represents the number of Wake Forest residents working in that Census Block. Census Blocks with less than five workers are not shown. More than 60% of people drive more than 10 miles each way to work. 92% of Residents work outside of Wake Forest. Most work places are concentrated around: Western part of Wake Forest, Capital Boulevard (between 440 and 540), Downtown Raleigh, North Raleigh, Research Triangle Park (RTP), and Morrisville

FRANKLIN

Rocky Mount

NASH

Map 2-12 | Where Wake Forest Residents Work

Wilson

WILSON

> 800

> 400 - 800

JOHNSTON

> 200 - 400 > 100 - 200 > 50 - 100 21 - 50

Smithfield

source: US Census OnTheMap

WAYNE

Existing Conditions | 29

WAKE FOREST COMPREHENSIVE TRANSPORTATION PLAN

Henders

Oxford

PERSON

VANCE

GRANVILLE

Creedmoor

Franklinton

Hillsborough

DURHAM

ORANGE

Durham

Chapel Hill

Cary

Knightdale

Raleigh

Pittsboro

Apex

WAKE

CHATHAM

Garner

Holly Springs

Clayton

LEE

HARNETT

30 | Existing Conditions

WAKE FOREST COMPREHENSIVE TRANSPORTATION PLAN

son

WARREN

This is a map showing where people who work in Wake Forest live, organized by Census Block. The size of the dot represents the number of people living in that Census Block, that work in Wake Forest.

FRANKLIN

Rocky Mount

NASH

Map 2-13 | Where Wake Forest Workers Live

Wilson

WILSON

> 36 - 45 > 27 - 36 > 18 - 27 > 9 - 18 5 - 9

JOHNSTON

source: US Census OnTheMap

WAYNE

Smithfield

Existing Conditions | 31

WAKE FOREST COMPREHENSIVE TRANSPORTATION PLAN

Triangle Regional Model The Triangle Regional Model (TRM) is a tool that forecasts travel demand based on projected population and employment growth. The TRM uses proposed transportation projects and future land use conditions to help forecast increases in traffic. Growth is projected at the Traffic Analysis Zone (TAZ) level. The Town of Wake Forest has grown at a faster pace than predicted by local and regional planners. At the request of the Town, the official population and employment projections were revised for 2045. These edits were made based on new developments and land availability for potential developments. 2013 is the base year for the TRM and 2045 is the projected or ‘horizon’ year.

Map 2-14 | 2013 Population Density

Map 2-15 | 2045 Population Density

source: Triangle Regional Model

This map shows the projected change in Population Density between 2013 and 2045. Population is expected to increase by 75% from 42,534 residents in 2013 to 74,663 residents in 2045 - based on revised TRM data.

People Per Acre

4+ >2 - 4 >1 - 2 0 - 1

32 | Existing Conditions

WAKE FOREST COMPREHENSIVE TRANSPORTATION PLAN

Population and Employment Projections Revised socio-economic data was entered into the TRM to accurately assess future roadway congestion. The TRM uses Traffic Analysis Zones (TAZs) to summarize residents, employees and trips to and from that area. TAZs are groups of Census Blocks. Click on a TAZ on the map to see what socio-economic data was changed.

Map 2-16 | 2013 Employment Density

Map 2-17 | 2045 Employment Density

source: Triangle Regional Model

This map shows the projected change in Employment Density between 2013 and 2045. Employment is expected to increase by 53% from 12,936 workers in 2013 to 19,778 workers in 2045 - based on revised TRM data.

People Per Acre

4+ >2 - 4 >1 - 2 0 - 1

Existing Conditions | 33

WAKE FOREST COMPREHENSIVE TRANSPORTATION PLAN

CHAPTER 3 PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT

Public Meeting #2 The second public meeting was held on May 16, 2019 at the Wake Forest Renaissance Center between 4pm and 7pm. Mailers to all Wake Forest residents and social media blasts were used to advertise the public meeting to encourage attendance. Information about the CTP was provided through boards and discussion stations. Interactive maps were provided for roadway, bicycle, and pedestrian recommendations to view details of the proposed projects. Over 200 attendees were present and 137 comments were received through paper comment forms, online comment forms, email comments, and comments posted on the Mind Mixer website. These were the most frequently mentioned concerns from the public comments. • 27 comments requesting intersection improvements along Rogers Road. • 23 comments opposing and 11 comments supporting the one-way loop proposal around the Seminary. • 20 comments opposing the Foundation Drive Extension proposal. • 17 comments requesting intersection improvements along NC 98. • 10 comments opposing installing bicycle lanes along North Main Street. • 7 comments requesting increased service for the Loop Bus. • 5 comments requesting intersection improvements along Ligon Mill Road.

Two public meetings were held over the course of the project. The first meeting asked citizens to identify their transportation priorities and concerns. These were used in developing the CTP’s recommendations. The second public meeting presented the project’s draft recommendations to the public and citizens were able comment on these proposals. Comments were taken into consideration as the recommendations were finalized. Details of each meeting are discussed below. Public Survey A public survey was conducted prior to the first public meeting. The intention of the survey was to engage with as many people as possible and convey the importance of the CTP. As part of the survey, a pop-up event was held at ‘Meet in the Street’ - one of the largest public events in Wake Forest. The survey was also available online, among other methods. The survey concluded with 683 responses. Public Meeting #1 The first public meeting was held on May 23, 2018 at the Wake Forest History Museum. Approximately 35 people attended the meeting. Common themes heard at the meeting include. • Improving connectivity and reducing congestion. • Improving bicycle and pedestrian facilities connectivity and providing safer conditions. • Providing more public transportation options.

36 | Public Engagement

WAKE FOREST COMPREHENSIVE TRANSPORTATION PLAN

Public Survey Results

Please select the top three (3) things that prevent you from bicycling, or from bicycling more, in Wake Forest:

Please select the top three (3) things that prevent you from walking, or from walking more often, in Wake Forest:

19% - Missing Sidewalks

17% - Not enough greenways or sidepaths 16% - Cars and drivers do not respect bicyclists

16% - Need to connect existing sidewalk "gaps"

12% - Not enough safe crosswalk locations 16% - Need intersection improvements

14% - Not enough bicycle lanes

14% - Need intersection improvements

Public Engagement | 37

WAKE FOREST COMPREHENSIVE TRANSPORTATION PLAN

Do you use Wake Forest’s bus services (Wake Forest Loop & Wake Forest Raleigh Express)?

Please select all the factors that prevent you from using Wake Forest’s bus services.

33% - Not convenient or practical

97% - No

17% - Lack of bus routes/stops

3% - Yes

17% - I do not want to or am unable to take transit

14% - Too far to travel without a car

38 | Public Engagement

WAKE FOREST COMPREHENSIVE TRANSPORTATION PLAN

Require every street improvement to be a “complete street” that accommodates people of all ages, physical abilities, and modes of travel.

Align development with transportation needs and capacity - ex. require private property developers to add intersection improvements and road widening as part of projects.

19% - Missing Sidewalks

36% - Strongly Agree

16% - Need to connect existing sidewalk "gaps"

26% - Agree

12% - Not enough safe crosswalk locations 16% - Need intersection improvements

23% - Neutral

9% - Disagree

Public Engagement | 39

WAKE FOREST COMPREHENSIVE TRANSPORTATION PLAN

Improve street, sidewalk, and green- way connectivity, and improve access to streets.

17% - Not enough greenways or sidepaths 16% - Cars and drivers do not respect bicyclists

14% - Not enough bicycle lanes

14% - Need intersection improve- ments

40 | Public Engagement

WAKE FOREST COMPREHENSIVE TRANSPORTATION PLAN

CHAPTER 4 BICYCLE & PEDESTRIAN

Bicycle Network The recommended on-street bike network includes bike lanes and sharrows. Bike lanes are typically one-way treatments that carry cyclists in the same direction as adjacent vehicles. On-street bike facilities are marked with signage and pavement striping and markings. Bicycle lanes allow cyclists of different skill levels to ride at a comfortable speed. Pedestrian Network The recommended off-street pedestrian network includes greenway and multi-use paths. Both are 10-foot or wider hard surface paths that support both bikes and pedestrians but are in different locations. Multi-use paths run parallel to the roadways and generally in the public right-of-way. Multi-use paths are typically found on roadways classified as a collector or higher. Greenways are typically found along existing stream corridors or in the Town park system. Town maintained public greenways are located in public greenway easements or on Town owned property.

Bicycle and Pedestrian Future Network Recommendations Bicycle and pedestrian recommendations were made with the priority of filling in gaps in the existing network, adding facilities within the existing roadway network, and ensuring bicycle and pedestrian facilities are included for new roadway connections.

42 | Bicycle & Pedestrian

WAKE FOREST COMPREHENSIVE TRANSPORTATION PLAN

YOUNGSVILLE

RALEIGH

ROLESVILLE

Map <> Existing Greeneway Map 4-1 | Existing Bicycle Network

Existing Bicycle Lane

Miles

0.25

0.5

Bicycle & Pedestrian | 43

WAKE FOREST COMPREHENSIVE TRANSPORTATION PLAN

YOUNGSVILLE

RALEIGH

ROLESVILLE

Map 4-2 | Existing Multi-Use Path Network

Existing Multi-Use Path

Miles

0.25

0.5

44 | Bicycle & Pedestrian

WAKE FOREST COMPREHENSIVE TRANSPORTATION PLAN

YOUNGSVILLE

RALEIGH

ROLESVILLE

Map 4-3 | Existing Greenway Network

Existing Greenway

Miles

0.25

0.5

Bicycle & Pedestrian | 45

WAKE FOREST COMPREHENSIVE TRANSPORTATION PLAN

YOUNGSVILLE

RALEIGH

ROLESVILLE

Map <> Existing Greeneway Map 4-4 | Future Bicycle Network

Existing Bicycle Lane Proposed Bicycle Lane Proposed Sharrow Lane

Miles

0.25

0.5

46 | Bicycle & Pedestrian

WAKE FOREST COMPREHENSIVE TRANSPORTATION PLAN

YOUNGSVILLE

RALEIGH

ROLESVILLE

Map <> Existing Greeneway Map 4-5 | Future Pedestrian Network

Existing Multi-Use Path Designed Capital Improvement Plan Multi-Use Path Proposed Multi-Use Path Under Construction Multi-Use Path

Miles

0.25

0.5

Bicycle & Pedestrian | 47

WAKE FOREST COMPREHENSIVE TRANSPORTATION PLAN

YOUNGSVILLE

RALEIGH

ROLESVILLE

Map <> Existing Greeneway Map 4-6 | Future Greenway Network

Existing Greenway Proposed Greenway Designed Capital Improvement Plan Greenway Under Construction Greenway

Miles

0.25

0.5

48 | Bicycle & Pedestrian

WAKE FOREST COMPREHENSIVE TRANSPORTATION PLAN

Bicycle and Pedestrian Origins & Destinations

The following maps show origins and destinations for bicycle and pedestrian trips. The data was gathered during the initial comment period in May 2018.

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These points indicate where bicycle and pedestrian trips usually generate, as noted in comments from the initial survey. Map 4-7 | Bicycle and Pedestrian Trip Origins

Map 4-8 | Bicycle Desti

These points indicate destinations for bicycl comments from the in

50 | Bicycle & Pedestrian

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