Wake County, North Carolina Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Dece mber 2019
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background ................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Purpose and Authority .................................................................................................................. 2 1.3 Scope............................................................................................................................................. 2 1.4 References .................................................................................................................................... 3 1.5 Plan Organization.......................................................................................................................... 3 2 Planning Process ............................................................................................................................. 4 2.1 Purpose and Vision ....................................................................................................................... 4 2.2 What’s Changed in the Plan .......................................................................................................... 5 2.3 Preparing the Plan......................................................................................................................... 6 2.3.1 Phase I – Planning Process .................................................................................................... 7 2.3.2 Phase II – Risk Assessment.................................................................................................... 8 2.3.3 Phase III – Mitigation Strategy .............................................................................................. 8 2.3.4 Phase IV – Plan Maintenance................................................................................................ 9 2.4 Hazard Mitigation Planning Committee........................................................................................ 9 2.5 Meetings and Workshops ........................................................................................................... 11 2.6 Involving the Public ..................................................................................................................... 12 2.7 Outreach Efforts.......................................................................................................................... 13 2.8 Involving the Stakeholders.......................................................................................................... 14 2.9 Documentation of Plan Progress ................................................................................................ 14 3 Planning Area Profile..................................................................................................................... 24 3.1 Geography and Environment ...................................................................................................... 24 3.2 Population and Demographics.................................................................................................... 30 3.3 Parcels and Buildings .................................................................................................................. 34 3.4 Historic Properties ...................................................................................................................... 34 3.5 Housing ....................................................................................................................................... 40 3.6 Infrastructure .............................................................................................................................. 41 3.6.1 Transportation .................................................................................................................... 41 3.6.2 Utilities ................................................................................................................................ 41 3.7 Current and Future Land Use...................................................................................................... 42 3.8 Employment and Industry........................................................................................................... 44 3.8.1 Wages and Employment ..................................................................................................... 44 4 Risk Assessment ............................................................................................................................ 46 4.1 Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 46
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4.2 Hazard Identification................................................................................................................... 47 4.3 Risk Assessment Methodology and Assumptions....................................................................... 51 4.4 Asset Inventory ........................................................................................................................... 55 4.5 Hazard Profiles, Analysis, and Vulnerability................................................................................ 61 4.5.1 Dam Failure ......................................................................................................................... 61 4.5.2 Drought ............................................................................................................................... 72 4.5.3 Earthquake .......................................................................................................................... 79 4.5.4 Extreme Heat ...................................................................................................................... 92 4.5.5 Flood ................................................................................................................................... 98 4.5.6 Landslide ........................................................................................................................... 115 4.5.7 Hurricane and Tropical Storm........................................................................................... 121 4.5.8 Severe Weather (Thunderstorm Winds, Lightning & Hail) ............................................... 135 4.5.9 Severe Winter Storm......................................................................................................... 153 4.5.10 Tornado ............................................................................................................................. 160 4.5.11 Wildfire.............................................................................................................................. 173 4.5.12 Hazardous Materials Incident ........................................................................................... 187 4.5.13 Radiological Incident ......................................................................................................... 194 4.5.14 Terrorism........................................................................................................................... 202 4.6 Conclusions on Hazard Risk....................................................................................................... 208 5 Capability Assessment................................................................................................................. 210 5.1 Overview ................................................................................................................................... 210 5.2 Methodology............................................................................................................................. 210 5.3 Capability Assessment Findings ................................................................................................ 211 5.3.1 Planning and Regulatory Capability .................................................................................. 211 5.3.2 Administrative and Technical Capability........................................................................... 218 5.3.3 Fiscal Capability................................................................................................................. 220 5.3.4 Education and Outreach Capability .................................................................................. 221 5.3.5 Mitigation Capability......................................................................................................... 222 5.3.6 Political Capability ............................................................................................................. 222 5.3.7 Local Self-Assessment Rating............................................................................................ 223 5.4 Conclusions on Local Capability ................................................................................................ 225 6 Mitigation Strategy ..................................................................................................................... 226 6.1 Goals and Objectives................................................................................................................. 226 6.1.1 Coordination with Other Planning Efforts ........................................................................ 226 6.1.2 Goal Setting....................................................................................................................... 226 6.1.3 Resulting Goals and Objectives ......................................................................................... 227 6.2 Identification and Analysis of Mitigation Activities .................................................................. 229
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
6.2.1 Prioritization Process ........................................................................................................ 229 7 Mitigation Action Plans ............................................................................................................... 231 8 Plan Maintenance ....................................................................................................................... 256 8.1 Implementation ........................................................................................................................ 256 8.2 Monitoring, Evaluation, and Enhancement .............................................................................. 258 8.2.1 Role of HMPC in Implementation, Monitoring and Maintenance.................................... 258 8.2.2 Maintenance Schedule...................................................................................................... 258 8.2.3 Maintenance Evaluation Process ...................................................................................... 258 8.3 Continued Public Involvement .................................................................................................. 260 9 Plan Adoption ............................................................................................................................. 261 Annex A Wake County Unincorporated Areas ............................................................................. 286 A.1 Planning Process ....................................................................................................................... 286 A.2 Community Profile .................................................................................................................... 286 A.3 Risk Assessment ........................................................................................................................ 291 A.3.1 Dam Failure ....................................................................................................................... 291 A.3.2 Flood ................................................................................................................................. 294 A.3.3 Wildfire.............................................................................................................................. 297 A.4 Capability Assessment .............................................................................................................. 301 A.4.1 Overall Capability .............................................................................................................. 301 A.4.2 Floodplain Management ................................................................................................... 301 A.5 Mitigation Strategy ................................................................................................................... 303 Annex B City of Raleigh ............................................................................................................... 304 B.1 Planning Process ....................................................................................................................... 304 B.2 Community Profile .................................................................................................................... 304 B.3 Risk Assessment ........................................................................................................................ 312 B.3.1 Flood ................................................................................................................................. 312 B.3.2 Wildfire.............................................................................................................................. 317 B.4 Capability Assessment .............................................................................................................. 321 B.4.1 Overall Capability .............................................................................................................. 321 B.4.2 Floodplain Management ................................................................................................... 321 B.5 Mitigation Strategy ................................................................................................................... 323 Annex C Town of Apex ................................................................................................................ 326 C.1 Planning Process ....................................................................................................................... 326 C.2 Community Profile .................................................................................................................... 326 C.3 Risk Assessment ........................................................................................................................ 332 C.3.1 Flood ................................................................................................................................. 332
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C.3.2
Wildfire.............................................................................................................................. 336
C.4 Capability Assessment .............................................................................................................. 340 C.4.1 Overall Capability .............................................................................................................. 340 C.4.2 Floodplain Management ................................................................................................... 340 C.5 Mitigation Strategy ................................................................................................................... 342 Annex D Town of Cary ................................................................................................................. 344 D.1 Planning Process ....................................................................................................................... 344 D.2 Community Profile .................................................................................................................... 344 D.3 Risk Assessment ........................................................................................................................ 349 D.3.1 Flood ................................................................................................................................. 349 D.3.2 Wildfire.............................................................................................................................. 353 D.4 Capability Assessment .............................................................................................................. 357 D.4.1 Overall Capability .............................................................................................................. 357 D.4.2 Floodplain Management ................................................................................................... 357 D.5 Mitigation Strategy ................................................................................................................... 359 Annex E Town of Fuquay-Varina ................................................................................................. 361 E.1 Planning Process ....................................................................................................................... 361 E.2 Community Profile .................................................................................................................... 361 E.3 Risk Assessment ........................................................................................................................ 366 E.3.1 Flood ................................................................................................................................. 366 E.3.2 Wildfire.............................................................................................................................. 370 E.4 Capability Assessment .............................................................................................................. 374 E.4.1 Overall Capability .............................................................................................................. 374 E.4.2 Floodplain Management ................................................................................................... 374 E.5 Mitigation Strategy ................................................................................................................... 376 Annex F Town of Garner ............................................................................................................. 378 F.1 Planning Process ....................................................................................................................... 378 F.2 Community Profile .................................................................................................................... 378 F.3 Risk Assessment ........................................................................................................................ 383 F.3.1 Flood ................................................................................................................................. 383 F.3.2 Wildfire.............................................................................................................................. 387 F.4 Capability Assessment .............................................................................................................. 391 F.4.1 Overall Capability .............................................................................................................. 391 F.4.2 Floodplain Management ................................................................................................... 391 F.5 Mitigation Strategy ................................................................................................................... 393 Annex G Town of Holly Springs.................................................................................................... 395
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G.1 Planning Process ....................................................................................................................... 395 G.2 Community Profile .................................................................................................................... 395 G.3 Risk Assessment ........................................................................................................................ 400 G.3.1 Flood ................................................................................................................................. 400 G.3.2 Wildfire.............................................................................................................................. 404 G.4 Capability Assessment .............................................................................................................. 408 G.4.1 Overall Capability .............................................................................................................. 408 G.4.2 Floodplain Management ................................................................................................... 408 G.5 Mitigation Strategy ................................................................................................................... 410 Annex H Town of Knightdale ....................................................................................................... 413 H.1 Planning Process ....................................................................................................................... 413 H.2 Community Profile .................................................................................................................... 413 H.3 Risk Assessment ........................................................................................................................ 418 H.3.1 Flood ................................................................................................................................. 418 H.3.2 Wildfire.............................................................................................................................. 422 H.4 Capability Assessment .............................................................................................................. 426 H.4.1 Overall Capability .............................................................................................................. 426 H.4.2 Floodplain Management ................................................................................................... 426 H.5 Mitigation Strategy ................................................................................................................... 428 Annex I Town of Morrisville ....................................................................................................... 429 I.1 Planning Process ....................................................................................................................... 429 I.2 Community Profile .................................................................................................................... 429 I.3 Risk Assessment ........................................................................................................................ 434 I.3.1 Flood ................................................................................................................................. 434 I.3.2 Wildfire.............................................................................................................................. 438 I.4 Capability Assessment .............................................................................................................. 442 I.4.1 Overall Capability .............................................................................................................. 442 I.4.2 Floodplain Management ................................................................................................... 442 I.5 Mitigation Strategy ................................................................................................................... 444 Annex J Town of Rolesville ......................................................................................................... 446 J.1 Planning Process ....................................................................................................................... 446 J.2 Community Profile .................................................................................................................... 446 J.3 Risk Assessment ........................................................................................................................ 451 J.3.1 Flood ................................................................................................................................. 451 J.3.2 Wildfire.............................................................................................................................. 455 J.4 Capability Assessment .............................................................................................................. 459
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J.4.1
Overall Capability .............................................................................................................. 459
J.4.2
Floodplain Management ................................................................................................... 459
J.5 Mitigation Strategy ................................................................................................................... 461 Annex K Town of Wake Forest .................................................................................................... 462 K.1 Planning Process ....................................................................................................................... 462 K.2 Community Profile .................................................................................................................... 462 K.3 Risk Assessment ........................................................................................................................ 467 K.3.1 Flood ................................................................................................................................. 467 K.3.2 Wildfire.............................................................................................................................. 471 K.4 Capability Assessment .............................................................................................................. 475 K.4.1 Overall Capability .............................................................................................................. 475 K.4.2 Floodplain Management ................................................................................................... 475 K.5 Mitigation Strategy ................................................................................................................... 477 Annex L Town of Wendell ........................................................................................................... 479 L.1 Planning Process ....................................................................................................................... 479 L.2 Community Profile .................................................................................................................... 479 L.3 Risk Assessment ........................................................................................................................ 484 L.3.1 Flood ................................................................................................................................. 484 L.3.2 Wildfire.............................................................................................................................. 488 L.4 Capability Assessment .............................................................................................................. 492 L.4.1 Overall Capability .............................................................................................................. 492 L.4.2 Floodplain Management ................................................................................................... 492 L.5 Mitigation Strategy ................................................................................................................... 494 Annex M Town of Zebulon ........................................................................................................... 496 M.1 Planning Process ....................................................................................................................... 496 M.2 Community Profile .................................................................................................................... 496 M.3 Risk Assessment ........................................................................................................................ 501 M.3.1 Flood ................................................................................................................................. 501 M.3.2 Wildfire.............................................................................................................................. 505 M.4 Capability Assessment .............................................................................................................. 509 M.4.1 Overall Capability .............................................................................................................. 509 M.4.2 Floodplain Management ................................................................................................... 509 M.5 Mitigation Strategy ................................................................................................................... 511 Appendix A Plan Review Tool ........................................................................................................A.1 Appendix B Planning Process Documentation ............................................................................... B.1 Appendix C Mitigation Alternatives............................................................................................... C.1
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C.1 Categories of Mitigation Measures Considered ........................................................................C.1 C.2 Alternative Mitigation Measures per Category .........................................................................C.1 C.2.1 Preventative and Regulatory Measures.............................................................................C.1 C.2.2 Property Protection Measures...........................................................................................C.6 C.2.3 Natural Resource Protection............................................................................................C.10 C.2.4 Emergency Services Measures.........................................................................................C.13 C.2.5 Structural Projects............................................................................................................C.17 C.2.6 Public Information............................................................................................................C.19 Appendix D References .................................................................................................................D.1
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SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION
1 Introduction
Section 1 provides a general introduction to hazard mitigation and an introduction to the Wake County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan. This section contains the following subsections:
1.1 Background
1.2 Purpose and Authority
1.3 Scope
1.4 References
1.5 Plan Organization
1.1
BACKGROUND
This document comprises a Hazard Mitigation Plan for Wake County, North Carolina and its incorporated municipalities. Each year in the United States, natural and human-caused hazards take the lives of hundreds of people and injure thousands more. Nationwide, taxpayers pay billions of dollars annually to help communities, organizations, businesses, and individuals recover from disasters. These monies only partially reflect the true cost of disasters because additional expenses incurred by insurance companies and non- governmental organizations are not reimbursed by tax dollars. Many natural hazards are predictable, and much of the damage caused by hazard events can be reduced or even eliminated. Hazards are a natural part of the environment that will inevitably continue to occur, but there is much we can do to minimize their impacts on our communities and prevent them from resulting in disasters. Every community faces different hazards, has different resources to draw upon in combating problems, and has different interests that influence the solutions to those problems. Because there are many ways to deal with hazards and many agencies that can help, there is no one solution for managing or mitigating their effects. Planning is one of the best ways to develop a customized program that will mitigate the impacts of hazards while accounting for the unique character of a community. A well-prepared hazard mitigation plan will ensure that all possible activities are reviewed and implemented so that the problem is addressed by the most appropriate and efficient solutions. It can also ensure that activities are coordinated with each other and with other goals and activities, preventing conflicts and reducing the costs of implementing each individual activity. This plan provides a framework for all interested parties to work together toward mitigation. It establishes the vision and guiding principles for reducing hazard risk and proposes specific mitigation actions to eliminate or reduce identified vulnerabilities. In an effort to reduce the nation's mounting natural disaster losses, the U.S. Congress passed the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 (DMA 2000) to invoke new and revitalized approaches to mitigation planning. Section 322 of DMA 2000 emphasizes the need for state and local government entities to closely coordinate on mitigation planning activities and makes the development of a hazard mitigation plan a specific eligibility requirement for any local government applying for federal mitigation grant funds. These funds include the Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP), the Pre-Disaster Mitigation (PDM) program, and the Flood Mitigation Assistance (FMA) Program, all of which are administered by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) under the Department of Homeland Security. Communities with an adopted and federally approved hazard mitigation plan thereby become pre-positioned and more apt to receive available mitigation funds before and after the next disaster strikes.
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SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION
This plan was prepared in coordination with FEMA Region IV and the North Carolina Division of Emergency Management (NCEM) to ensure that it meets all applicable federal and state planning requirements. A Local Mitigation Plan Review Tool, found in Appendix A, provides a summary of FEMA’s current minimum standards of acceptability and notes the location within this plan where each planning requirement is met.
1.2
PURPOSE AND AUTHORITY
This plan was developed in a joint and cooperative manner by members of a Hazard Mitigation Planning Committee (HMPC) which included representatives of County, City, and Town departments, federal and state agencies, citizens, and other stakeholders. This plan will ensure Wake County and its incorporated municipalities remain eligible for federal disaster assistance including the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP), Pre-Disaster Mitigation Program (PDM), and the Flood Mitigation Assistance Program (FMA). This Plan has been prepared in compliance with Section 322 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (Stafford Act or the Act), 42 U.S.C. 5165, enacted under Section 104 of the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000, (DMA 2000) Public Law 106-390 of October 30, 2000, as implemented at CFR 201.6 and 201.7 dated October 2007. This plan will be adopted by each participating jurisdiction in accordance with standard local procedures. Copies of adoption resolutions are provided in Section 9 Plan Adoption.
1.3
SCOPE
This document comprises a Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan for Wake County. The planning areas includes all of Wake County’s incorporated municipalities and unincorporated areas. All participating jurisdictions are listed in Table 1.1. Table 1.1 – Participating Jurisdictions in the Wake County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Wake County Apex
Morrisville
Cary
Raleigh
Fuquay-Varina
Rolesville
Garner
Wake Forest
Holly Springs
Wendell Zebulon
Knightdale
The focus of this plan is on those hazards deemed “high” or “moderate” priority hazards for the planning area, as determined through the risk and vulnerability assessments. Lower priority hazards will continue to be evaluated but will not necessarily be prioritized for mitigation in the action plan. Wake County followed the planning process prescribed by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), and this plan was developed under the guidance of a Hazard Mitigation Planning Committee (HMPC) comprised of representatives of County, City, and Town departments; citizens; and other stakeholders. The HMPC conducted a risk assessment that identified and profiled hazards that pose a risk to the planning area, assessed the planning area’s vulnerability to these hazards, and examined each participating jurisdiction’s capabilities in place to mitigate them. The hazards profiled in this plan include:
Dam Failure
Drought
Earthquake Extreme Heat
Flood
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SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION
Hurricane and Tropical Storm
Landslide
Severe Weather (Thunderstorm Winds, Hail, and Lightning) Severe Winter Storm Tornado Wildfire Hazardous Materials Incident Radiological Incident Terrorism
1.4
REFERENCES
The following FEMA guides and reference documents were used to prepare this document:
FEMA 386-1: Getting Started. September 2002. FEMA 386-2: Understanding Your Risks: Identifying Hazards and Estimating Losses. August 2001. FEMA 386-3: Developing the Mitigation Plan. April 2003. FEMA 386-4: Bringing the Plan to Life. August 2003. FEMA 386-5: Using Benefit-Cost Review in Mitigation Planning. May 2007. FEMA 386-6: Integrating Historic Property and Cultural Resource Considerations into Hazard Mitigation Planning. May 2005. FEMA 386-7: Integrating Manmade Hazards into Mitigation Planning. September 2003. FEMA 386-8: Multijurisdictional Mitigation Planning. August 2006. FEMA 386-9: Using the HazardMitigation Plan to Prepare Successful Mitigation Projects. August 2008. FEMA. Local Mitigation Planning Handbook. March 2013. FEMA. Local Mitigation Plan Review Guide. October 1, 2011. FEMA National Fire Incident Reporting System 5.0: Complete Reference Guide. January, 2008. FEMA Hazard Mitigation Assistance Unified Guidance. June 1, 2010. FEMA. Integrating Hazard Mitigation into Local Planning: Case Studies and Tools for Community Officials. March 1, 2013. FEMA. Mitigation Ideas. A Resource for Reducing Risk to Natural Hazards. January 2013. Additional sources used in the development of this plan, including data compiled for the Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment, are listed in Appendix D.
1.5
PLAN ORGANIZATION
The Wake County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan is organized into the following sections:
Section 2: Planning Process Section 3: Planning Area Profile
Section 4: Hazard Identification & Risk Assessment Section 5: Capability Assessment Section 6: Mitigation Strategy Section 7: Mitigation Action Plans Section 8: Plan Implementation and Maintenance Section 9: Plan Adoption Appendix A: Local Plan Review Tool Appendix B: Planning Process Documentation Appendix C: Mitigation Alternatives Appendix D: References
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SECTION 2: PLANNING PROCESS
2 Planning Process
Requirement §201.6(b): An open public involvement process is essential to the development of an effective plan. To develop a more comprehensive approach to reducing the effects of natural disasters, the planning process shall include: 1) An opportunity for the public to comment on the plan during the drafting stage and prior to plan approval; 2) An opportunity for neighboring communities, local and regional agencies involved in hazard mitigation activities, and agencies that have the authority to regulate development, as well as businesses, academia, and other private and nonprofit interests to be involved in the planning process; and 3) Review and incorporation, if appropriate, of existing plans, studies, reports, and technical information. Requirement §201.6(c)(1): The plan shall include the following: 1) Documentation of the planning process used to develop the plan, including how it was prepared, who was involved in the process, and how the public was involved.
This section provides a review of the planning process followed for the development of the Wake County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan. It consists of the following sub-sections:
2.1 Purpose and Vision
2.2 What’s Changed in the Plan
2.3 Preparing the Plan
2.4 Hazard Mitigation Planning Committee 2.5 Meetings and Workshops 2.6 Involving the Public 2.7 Outreach Efforts 2.8 Involving the Stakeholders 2.9 Documentation of Plan Progress
2.1
PURPOSE AND VISION
As defined by FEMA, “hazard mitigation” means any sustained action t aken to reduce or eliminate the long-term risk to life and property from a hazard event. Hazard mitigation planning is the process through which hazards are identified, likely impacts determined, mitigation goals set, and appropriate mitigation strategies determined, prioritized, and implemented. The purpose of the Wake County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan is to identify, assess, and mitigate hazard risk to better protect the people and property within Wake County from the effects of natural and human-caused hazards. This plan documents progress on existing hazard mitigation planning efforts, updates the previous plan to reflect current conditions in the County including relevant hazards and vulnerabilities, increases public education and awareness about the plan and planning process, maintains grant eligibility for participating jurisdictions, maintains compliance with state and federal requirements for local hazard mitigation plans, and identifies and outlines strategies the County and participating jurisdictions will use to decrease vulnerability and increase resiliency. The Wake County Hazard Mitigation Planning Committee (HMPC) met in working groups on January 7 th and January 9 th , 2019; during these meetings, the HMPC discussed their vision for Wake County in terms of hazard mitigation planning. The committee was asked to consider what the successful implementation of the plan would achieve, what outcomes the plan would generate, and what Wake County will look like in five years as a way to brainstorm a vision statement for the plan. The HMPC developed and discussed a list of ideas that were consolidated into the following statement and set of key principles that they agreed should define and guide the planning process and the County’s approach to hazard mitigation.
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SECTION 2: PLANNING PROCESS
Wake County wi l l bui ld upon the success of its past efforts to become more resi l ient and adaptable to hazards, embrace the need to manage growth with sustainable practices, and make intentional , coordinated decisions that maximize long-term and shared benef its for al l . The following key principles underpin this vision and describe how the HMPC hopes to characterize the future of Wake County. In many cases, the County and its incorporated jurisdictions already operate with these principles in mind. Resilient & Adaptable : Wake County will be able to quickly react to and recover from hazard events and will use both the development and post-disaster redevelopment processes to reduce existing vulnerabilities and future potential risk, including through identification and planning for vulnerable populations. Sustainable : From an environmental mindset, Wake County will protect key ecological resources, and from a resource and efficiency perspective, the county will use administrative and financial resources in ways that maximize and share benefits. Intentional : Wake County will address growth and development decisions by considering long-term outcomes, seeking opportunities for mitigation, minimizing risk and vulnerability, and implementing mitigation projects that can be scaled up or shared with other jurisdictions, if successful. Coordinated : Wake County will integrate planning efforts across departments and across incorporated jurisdictions to ensure that goals and decisions reinforce each other. Additionally, jurisdictions will work together to address issues on larger scales, such as a watershed or ecosystem level.
2.2
WHAT’S CHANGED IN THE PLAN
This plan is an update to the 2015 Wake County Multi-jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan, which included participation from all jurisdictions involved in this plan update. The previous plan was approved by FEMA on January 28, 2015. This hazard mitigation plan update involved a comprehensive review and update of each section of the existing plan and an assessment of the success of the County and participating municipalities in evaluating, monitoring and implementing the mitigation strategy outlined in their existing plans. Only the information and data still valid from the existing plans was carried forward as applicable into this update. The following requirements were addressed during the development of this regional plan:
Consider changes in vulnerability due to action implementation; Document success stories where mitigation efforts have proven effective; Document areas where mitigation actions were not effective; Document any new hazards that may arise or were previously overlooked; Incorporate new data or studies on hazards and risks; Incorporate new capabilities or changes in capabilities; Incorporate growth and development-related changes to inventories; and Incorporate new action recommendations or changes in action prioritization.
Section 4.2 provides a comparison of the hazards addressed in the 2018 State of North Carolina HMP and the existing Wake County plan and provides the final decision made by the HMPC as to which hazards should be included in the updated 2020 Wake County Multi-Jurisdictional Plan. In addition to the specific changes in hazard analyses identified in Section 4.2, the following items were also addressed in this 2020 plan update:
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SECTION 2: PLANNING PROCESS
GIS was used, to the extent data allowed, to analyze the priority hazards as part of the vulnerability assessment. Assets at risk to identified hazards were identified by property type and values of properties based on North Carolina Emergency Management’s IRISK Database . A discussion on climate change and its projected effect on specific hazards was included in each hazard profile in the risk assessment. The discussion on growth and development trends was enhanced utilizing 2017 American Community Survey data. Enhanced public outreach and agency coordination efforts were conducted throughout the plan update process in order to meet the more rigorous requirements of the 2017 CRS Coordinator’s Manual, in addition to DMA requirements.
2.3
PREPARING THE PLAN
The planning process for preparing the Wake County Multi-jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan was based on DMA planning requirements and FEMA’s associated guidance. This guidance is structured around a four-phase process:
1) Planning Process; 2) Risk Assessment; 3) Mitigation Strategy; and 4) Plan Maintenance.
Into this process, the planning consultant integrated a more detailed 10-step planning process used for FEMA’s Community Rating System (CRS) and Flood Mitigation Assistance programs. Thus, the modified 10-step process used for this plan meets the requirements of six major progr ams: FEMA’s Hazard Mitigation Grant Program; Pre-Disaster Mitigation Program; Community Rating System; Flood Mitigation Assistance Program; Severe Repetitive Loss Program; and new flood control projects authorized by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Table 2.1 shows how the 10-step CRS planning process aligns with the four phases of hazard mitigation planning pursuant to the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000. Table 2.1 – Mitigation Planning and CRS 10-Step Process Reference Table
DMA Process
CRS Process
Phase I – Planning Process §201.6(c)(1)
Step 1. Organize to Prepare the Plan
§201.6(b)(1)
Step 2. Involve the Public
§201.6(b)(2) & (3)
Step 3. Coordinate
Phase II – Risk Assessment §201.6(c)(2)(i)
Step 4. Assess the Hazard Step 5. Assess the Problem
§201.6(c)(2)(ii) & (iii)
Phase III – Mitigation Strategy §201.6(c)(3)(i)
Step 6. Set Goals
§201.6(c)(3)(ii) §201.6(c)(3)(iii)
Step 7. Review Possible Activities Step 8. Draft an Action Plan
Phase IV – Plan Maintenance §201.6(c)(5)
Step 9. Adopt the Plan
§201.6(c)(4)
Step 10. Implement, Evaluate and Revise the Plan
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