SRS Program Fall 2022

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Fall 2022 Student Research Symposium December 5, 2022 Symposium Registration Lobby, Malcolm Center for Student Life 8:00 A.M. - 3:00 P.M. Welcome and Opening Remarks Bacon Room 8:30 A.M. Elizabeth Bellamy, Vice President of Academic Affairs Poster & Visual Art Session Set up at 11:00 A.M. Staffed 12:00-2:00 P.M. Malcolm Center Gymnasium Presentations *indicates remote or recorded presentation **indicates student session chair

9:00 Session 1: -- Bacon Conference Room North Disease & Humanity I William Perkins, “Tularemia, a Case of Rabbit Fever” Divya Patel, “Malaria” Dawson Woehr, “Effects of Cholera” (session chair) Judges: David Bowers, Eva Agcaoili, William Allendorfer 9:00 Session 2: -- Bacon Conference Room South Money Make Me Jamie McGinnes, “Internships in the Finance Industry” Matheus Santos & Nicholas Santos, “Technology” Colton Campbell, “Carbon Fiber Through History” (session chair) Judges: Tonya Eddy, Harley Hagenhoff, Courtney Marlar 9:00 Session 3: -- Malcolm Multipurpose Room The World & Beyond

Jenasyn Baker, “Female Sexuality Explored Through Adult Themes of Literature and Dance During the 19th Century: A Case Study of Giselle , La Sylphide , “The Goblin Market,” “ La Belle Dame Sans Merci ,” and “Kubla Khan” Nischal Timalsina, “Traditions, Culture and Beliefs in Christianity and Islam: A Comparitive Discussion” Allexis Lark, “How Calcium Moves the World” (session chair) Judges: Chris Libby, Janie Morgan, Nick Petrov

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9:00 Session 4: -- Ferguson Center Formal Lounge People & Relationships Evan Baker, “Host Specificity in Myzobdella Reducta ( Pisciocolidae ) a Leech Parasite of Fishes in the Family Percidae , in the Salt Fork Creek, Saline County, MO Gracyn Bristow, “A Literary Analysis of Masculine Love in And the Mountains Echoed ” Rubal Pradhan, “Aluminum and its Impact on the World (session chair) Self-Defense Scenario : Students in the CJ335 Defensive Tactics class will be demonstrating Defensive Tactics in various scenarios. The students will also complete their practical exam for each technique they learned in class. Later, students will submit a written report of their involvement in the incident as their final class project. Anyone attending the symposium is invited to observe the scenarios in the Malcolm Gym on the south side or, weather permitting, some scenarios may be held outside on the northeast side of Malcolm. The scenarios will be repeated every 30 minutes with different students participating each time. Judges: Chamara Jayasundera, Tamika Drake, Margot Mirabal 9:00-12:00 Special Session: -- Malcolm Gymnasium (South Side) Participating Students: Abbey Billington, Jordan Bracamonte, Hayden Chevalier, Chandler Chritiansen, Emmandarry David, Logan Ellinwood, Didiah Hall, Domonique Mucker, Larry Rodriguez, Hannah Vandeventer, Hugo Lorenzo Vieira Dos Santos 10:00 Session 5: -- Bacon Conference Room North Disease & Humanity II Wyatt Grunwald, “Measles” Yago Merino, “Lyme Disease and its Importance in Society” Hailey Miller, “Rabies” (session chair)

Judges: Erich Mueller, Abdoulaye Diallo, Brian Nolan 10:00 Session 6: -- Bacon Conference Room South Education & Learning Katie Montini, “Museum and School Interactions” Lauryn Craine, “I’m Not Lazy, I Have a Sleeping Disorder” Kaylee Hering, “Everything has an End, Here it is” (session chair)

Judges: Debbie Olson, Jordan Gresham, Claire Schmidt 10:00 Session 7: -- Malcolm Multipurpose Room Brains & Bodies Valentin Laser, “Mental Challenge - How Mental Health Affects Sports Students in their Daily Lives” Dušan Milošević, “Difference Between a College Athlete and a Professional Athlete” Tiffany Nash, “Depression and Dementia” Chané Higgo, “The 18th Molecule: Melatonin” (session chair) Judges: Christine Sanders, Lee Jones, Linze Hawkins

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10:00 Session 8: -- Ferguson Center Formal Lounge Classes & Society Colton Wilmes, “Biological Diversity of Fish Communities in the Salt Fork Creek, Saline County, Missouri” Eva Agcaoili & Camden Phillips, “Our Role as Political Subjects in The Simulacrum: An Analysis of Baudrillard’s ‘Simulacra and Simulation’” Jokiah Sewell, “The Three Monotheistic Religions: Traditions in Society” Helena Talbot, “Feet and Poverty in And the Mountains Echoed ” (session chair) Judges: Peggy Sherman, Jashawna Terry, Gary Heisserer 11:00 Session 9: -- Bacon Conference Room North Sex & Babies Shu’Ron Thompson, “Let’s Talk about Sex” Brandee Mannering, “Bedrest as an Intervention to Decrease Risk of Preterm Labor or Birth in Women with High Risk Pregnancies” Carly Hovendick, “Breastfeeding Decreases Respiratory Illness in Infants” Dajah Robinson, “Let’s Talk about Sex WORK” (session chair) Judges: Marina Barneda, David Bowers, Margot Mirabal 11:00 Session 10: -- Bacon Conference Room South Health & Life Conor Taylor, “The Correct Amount of Time to Exercise” Laci Phillips, “Nonpharmacological Therapy to Decrease Blood Pressure” Miriam Gubo, “Pollution” Mariona Baolo Manen, “ Strophanthus hispidus : Life or Death” (session chair) Judges: Peggy Sherman, Jashawna Terry, Lee Jones 11:00 Session 11: -- Malcolm Multipurpose Room Journeys Kristina KC, “‘In My Universe’ Poetry Podcast” Harrison Boynton, “An Excerpt from Returning of the Lost ” Yago Merino, “Ethylene Glycol and other Antifreeze Components” Izak Johnson, “Distribution of Darters ( Percidae ) in the Salt Fork Creek, Saline County, Missouri” (session chair) Judges: Roberta Griffit, Tiffany Bergman, Tamika Drake 11:00 Session 12: -- Ferguson Center Formal Lounge Social Power and Violence Shakyra McDuffie, “Mass Shooting Causing Anxiety” Tyesha Rhodes, All is Lost Sidni Hunter, “Imperialist Propaganda and the Central Intelligence Agency’s use of Neoliberal Rebranding” (session chair) Judges: Harley Hagenhoff, Janie Morgan, Debbie Olson -LUNCH-

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12:00-2:00 STAFFED POSTER SESSION IN MALCOLM GYM Posters Gabriela Aldana, “Helicobacter Pylori” Jenasyn Baker, “Missouri Dance Organization Internship” Willow Barnes, “The History of Mad Cow Diseases” Connor Bergman, “Tetanus” Elizabeth Canning, “Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA)” Elise Falcetti, “How Jesus is Viewed Through Different Generations” Didiah Hall, “Should Inmates be Charged for Going to Prison”

Izak Johnson, “Avian Flu” Kaylee Keen, “Pneumonia” John Lipscomn, “The Viral Infection Mumps” Addie Mejia, “Toxoplasmosis” Morgan Middleton, “Bringing it Back to Sex Ed”

Makenzie Murphree, “ Five Things I Learned from Dr. Bruce Perry and Oprah” Camden Phillips & Eva Agcaoili, “Small Modular Reactors: The Nuclear Solution” Lorena Piaggi, “College Students Have More Risks In Suffering Mental Health Problems” Tyler Polley, “Chronic Wasting Disease” Carla Prieto-Dominguez, “HIV/AIDS” MaKayla Ratliff, “Is the Incorporation of Video Games in a Classroom Beneficial to Students Education” Pedro Rodriguez, “Spanish Flu” Kenneth Sanford, “Addiction and Codependency” Curry Taylor, “The Bubonic Plague” Judges: William Allendorfer, Gabi Morales, Christine Sanders, Claire Schmidt, Erich Mueller, Adrienne Fuller-St. John, Samantha Perkins, Deborah Gonzalez, Linze Hawkins 1:00 Session 13: -- Bacon Conference Room North Africa Marina Barneda Massaguer, “African Running Dominance: What is Behind it?” Benjamin Rumanyila, “Black Worship” Eva Agcaoili, “Coffee and Corporatism: The History Behind Your Latte” (session chair) Faith Via, “Effects of Illegal Immigrants on the United States” Tatiana Werts, “Correlation Between Crime and Poverty” Judges: Janie Morgan, Rubal Pradhan, Gary Heisserer 1:00 Session 14: -- Bacon Conference Room South Substances Antonio Pepe Junior, “Alcohol: A Humanitarian Look” Linsey Day, “Sex Differences in Research and Diagnosis of Substance Abuse Disorder” Lucinda Lombaard, “Ketamine: The 18th Molecule That Changed History” Ana Arroyo Carriedo, “Antimicrobial Properties of the Epidermal Mucous Layer of Green Sunfish ( Lepomis cyanellus ), in the Salt Fork Creek, Saline County, Missouri” (session chair) Judges: Peggy Sherman, Courtney Marlar, Philip Gresham

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1:00 Session 15: -- Malcolm Multipurpose Room Mysterious Things Beni Kabongo, “Belight”

Dušan Milošević, “18th Molecule” Jaamel Smith,“Superhero Emotions” Paula Romero Rodriguez, “Graphite: The Hidden Piece of Chernobyl” (session chair) Judges: Haley Innes, Chris Libby, Abdoulaye Diallo 1:00 Session 16: -- Ferguson Center Formal Lounge Real Life Alicia Bexton, “Nurse Burnout: The Effects of Working Extended Shifts” Koby Linder, Bailey Emann, Conor Taylor, Kim Horsten, Maho Muramatsu, Patricia Seller, Piero Fano & Habby Vaglienti, “Fall 2022 Athletic Department Internship” Tyra Montano, “Effective Coping Mechanism Use for Burnout Prevention” Ana Paula Torresbaca Cruz, “The American Dream” (session chair) Judges: Marina Barneda, Tiffany Bergman, Samantha Perkins 2:00 Session 17: -- Ferguson Formal Lounge Technology & Innovation Stefan Iordache, “Social Media: A Friend or an Enemy?” Ona Bartolome, “The Subtlety of the Little Components” Judges: Roberta Griffit, Harley Hagenhoff, Gabi Morales 2:00 Session 18: -- Bacon Conference Room South Arrangements of Bodies Susan Zelaya, “Makeup Line” Vitor Furiati, Ana Paula Torresbaca Cruz, Austin Kostelnik, & Isaiah Yates, “Nerpal Gaming” Abdoulaye Diallo, “How Cobalt will Impact Society in the Near Future” (session chair) Ali Dobbins, “Chiropractic Manipulation and Reflexology for Infantile Colic” Nominerdene Purevdorj, “Silicone and Plastic Surgery” (session chair) Judges: Chamara Jayasundera, Jashawna Terry, Brian Nolan 2:00 Session 19: -- Malcolm Multipurpose Room Big Questions Hailey Holland, “How Women Acquire and Maintain Political and Social Power in The Odyssey , The Ramayana of Valmiki , and The Thousand and One Nights ” Marina Mellado, “Is the Human Being Good by Nature”

Jacopo Sottocornola, “Graphite: Chemistry and History of this Element” Kristin Boynton, “A Chapter Reading from A Reason to Kill ” (session chair) Judges: David Bowers, Dajah Robinson, Janie Morgan 2:00 Session 20: MACC Capstone -- Bacon Conference Room North Rei Pelushi, “Clinical Case Presentation”

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3:00 Session 21: Demonstration Debate -- Ferguson Center Formal Lounge Students: Eva Agcaoili & Evan Baker Resolution: The United States federal government should substantially increase restrictions on political campaigns for public office in one or more of the following areas: political communication, campaign spending, interest groups. 3:00 Session 22: Faculty Session 1 -- Bacon Conference Room North James Menz, & Haley Innes, “TEAS Math: A Tantalizing Course” Debbie Olson, “Toni Morrison, Racism, and The Bluest Eye” A.C.A. Jayasundera, “The Effectiveness of Teaching Learning Process of Environmental Science Concepts Through Problem Based Learning (PBL)” (session chair)

Closing Remarks and Awards Reception - Dr. Bonnie Humphrey, President Bacon Room, Malcolm Center for Student Life 4:00 P.M. - 5:00 P.M.

Excellence in Student Research Awards ● Best Poster

● Best Creative Work ● Best Presentation

Fall 2022 People’s Choice Award

Alpha Chi Induction Ceremony

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Abstracts Eva Agcaoili - “Coffee and Corporatism: The History Behind Your Latte” (session 13) Over half of Americans have integrated coffee into their morning routines. With the rise of the specialty coffee industry and easy access to fast food chains like Starbucks, coffee consumption is at an all-time high. Despite this, Americans fail to interrogate, from bean to cup, where their coffee comes from. Countries in Africa, such as Ethiopia, Tanzania, and Burundi produce some of the most highly coveted single-origin and blend beans in the industry. However, while we enjoy the benefits of the coffee trade in Africa, we forget the history of colonialism that precedes our lattes and how post-colonialism props up and enhances corporatism in the American Coffee Industry. Eva Agcaoili & Camden Phillips - “Our Role as Political Subjects in The Simulacrum: An Analysis of Baudrillard’s ‘Simulacra and Simulation’” (session 8) Democracy is often hailed as the cornerstone of the American Dream. A government by the people, for the people, and of the people resembles what Jean Baudrillard would describe as a simulacrum. Derived from a manifestation of the thing we think we need and out of the fear of self-governance, democracy is only a representation of a desire for control. As the American people vote, debate, petition, and protest, we dive deeper into the simulation, layering realities on top of each other, keeping us indebted to a system that only serves to posture a cycle of hegemonic violence. Only through political self-destruction can we escape the simulacrum. Eva Agcaoili - Demonstration Debate (session 21) Eva Agcaoili (poster session) - see Phillips Gabriela Aldana - “Helicobacter Pylori” (poster session) Helicobacter pylori is a gram-negative bacteria which uses its spiral-shape and flagellum to literally “drill” through the stomach's mucus layer. This bacteria produces an enzyme known as “urease'' that converts urea into carbon dioxide and ammonia. Unfortunately, ammonia is toxic and will cause damage to the epithelial cell surface and initiate the ulcer formation process. During the ulcer formation, symptoms such as pain or burning in the abdomen, nausea and loss of appetite appear. This bacteria can be symptomatic or asymptomatic (mostly), and will last a lifetime without antibiotic treatment. Ana Arroyo Carriedo - “Antimicrobial properties of the epidermal mucous layer of Green Sunfish ( Lepomis cyanellus ), in the Salt Fork Creek, Saline County, Missouri” (session 14) Missouri rivers have an abundant amount of unique fishes that are dependent on healthy riverine systems. Changes in these ecosystems might affect especially delicate animals such as fishes. The primary purpose of this study was to analyze the antimicrobial properties of the epidermal mucus layer of Green Sunfish (Lepomis cyanellus), a native species of Missouri. Our research goal is to study the effectiveness of the fish mucus layer at neutralizing microbial threats. Evan Baker - “Host Specificity in Myzobdella Reducta ( Pisciocolidae ) a Leech Parasite of Fishes in the Family Percidae, in the Salt Fork Creek, Saline County, MO” (session 4) The Salt Fork Creek is a third order stream located in Saline County Missouri, and is a tributary of the Blackwater River within the Missouri River Watershed. A comprehensive community

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diversity survey of fishes was conducted between the fall of 2020 and fall of 2022. During that time, over 3,000 individual fishes comprising 20 different species were sampled. A single species of leech was recorded on four species of fishes, all within the Family Percidae. No leeches were documented on the 16 other species of fishes collected. Evan Baker - Demonstration Debate (session 21) Jenasyn Baker - “Missouri Dance Organization Internship” (poster session) Since May 25, 2022, I have been interning for the Missouri Dance Organization (MDO) as well as the St. Louis Salsa Congress (STLSC) as their Social Media Coordinator and Co-Chair of the Board. Within this internship, I have created online content for both organizations to reach a wider audience, assisted in planning conferences, and attended/performed at the MDO conference which was held June 24 - 26, 2022. Coordinating these conferences included tasks such as emailing participants and members, scheduling flights, and promoting. With this Research Symposium, I am hoping to bring awareness to MDO and other subsets of dance organizations in Missouri (such as the STLSC) and display how organizations such as these can aid the dance community. Jenasyn Baker - “Female Sexuality Explored Through Adult Themes of Literature and Dance during the 19th Century: A Case Study of Giselle , La Sylphide , “The Goblin Market,” “ La Belle Dame Sans Merci ,” and “Kubla Khan” (session 3) For my Senior Thesis, I am exploring the depiction of female sexuality within literature and dance in the 19th century, shown explicitly through adult themes and themes such as nature and super-nature. I pose the question: What arguments were made about female sexuality using supernatural figures in literature and dance during the 19th century? Within my project, I am comparing and contrasting works from the 19th century, including two ballet pieces, La Sylphide (1832) and Giselle (1841), and three literary works, “Kubla Khan” (1816) by Samuel Taylor Coleridge, “La Belle Dame sans Merci” (1819) by John Keats, “Goblin Market” (1862) by Christina Rossetti. To help support these case studies, I will use Romantic and Victorian-era criticism, representations of women in the 19th century, gender theory, and literary reviews. Marina Barneda Massaguer - “African Running Dominance: What is Behind it?” (session 13) ​I would research the reasons why African athletes are better in running events than anyone else. I will focus on long-distance running events and the factors involved in the supremacy of African athletes. Willow Barnes - “The History of Mad Cow Diseases” (poster session) Throughout many decades of research, we have learned that the Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) disease also known as Mad Cow Disease is a brain disorder of cattle received from an unusual transmission agent called a prion, which is a type of protein. The prion protein then changes into a pathogenic form that damages the central nervous system of cattle. BSE is a fatal brain disease that has no treatment or vaccine for it. There is no way to test BSE in a live cow. However, scientists are able to tell whether a cow had BSE or not after the cow passes away. They are able to do this by observing the brain tissue under a microscope and

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looking at the appearance of the brain. The testing can be confirmed by taking many samples from the brain of an animal to see if the abnormal form of the prion is present. Ona Bartolome - “The Subtlety of the Little Components” (session 17) This work is mainly focused on a reflection of the changes that we have been exposed to in most developed societies with the discovery of a chemical component called Gallium Nitride. This is one of the key elements for high power and mainly electronic devices. As mentioned, a small component was the one that marked the before and after of what can be considered a new era. For this reason, it is essential to value the little things that we are not usually aware of for the operation of the devices around us. Connor Bergman - “Tetanus” (poster session) Tetanus, otherwise known as Lockjaw, is a disease caused by a bacterium known as Clostridium tetani. There are many ways to contract Tetanus in our world today with the most common being wounds containing dirt and saliva. Cases of Tetanus have been recorded since the 5th century B.C., but were not tested on animals until 1884 by Italian scientists. World War 1 was a huge step in the process of an antiserum for tetanus. Today children are given a tetanus vaccine to help prevent against individuals contracting Tetanus. Tetanus affects every region of the world and every group of people. This poster presentation will give you the background, symptoms, and the treatment of Tetanus. Alicia Bexten - “Nurse Burnout: The Effects of Working Extended Shifts” (session 16) Nurse burnout can be described as the state of mental, physical, and emotional exhaustion caused by sustained work-related stressors such as long hours, the pressure of quick decision-making, and the strain of caring for patients who may have poor outcomes. The purpose of this capstone project is to educate nursing leaders on the importance of incorporating interventions to prevent nurse burnout by providing a short but concise power-point presentation. A visual presentation can help nursing leaders to see the effect nurse burnout has on staff to improve staff retention. Abbey Billington - Self Defense Scenario (Special Session 9:00-12) Mariona Baolo Manen - “ Strophanthus hispidus : Life or Death” (session 10) Strophanthus hispidus is a vine-like plant native to west tropical Africa to Tanzania and Angola, used by many tribes as arrow poison (inee, or onaye). The roots, stem, and leaves are also used to treat diseases like leprosy, malaria, dysentery, and other sexually transmitted infections. Harrison Boynton - “An Excerpt from ‘Returning of the Lost’” (session 11) I will be reading an excerpt from Returning of the Lost . Returning of the Lost is a medieval fantasy novella which takes place in the Mennisc-Realm, the realm of humans. The plot follows the character Faron, a farmer, and his wife Reia who live in the quiet countryside. One evening they offer aid to a stranger which leads to the loss of his wife’s soul. Faron then must endure a perilous journey across the realm in order to reclaim his wife’s soul and defeat the evil one that has claimed it. The major themes of this work are love and loss.

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Kristin Boynton - “A Chapter Reading from A Reason to Kill ” (session 19) This presentation will be a chapter reading from A Reason to Kill , a locked-room drama about five teenagers from Grayson High School in Georgia who are kidnapped and placed in an underground room with no visible way of escape except for an old wooden ladder that is spiked in nails. They learn from their captor that they are all there for a reason and each person is given a symbol representing the crime or horrible secret that they have hidden. One by one they must confess their secrets, exposing the worst parts of themselves, only to find out at the end that they must choose one of the people in the room to kill so that the rest of them can live. Jordan Bracamonte - Self Defense Scenario (Special Session 9:00-12) Gracyn Bristow - “A Literary Analysis of Masculine Love in And the Mountains Echoed ” (session 4) The purpose of this project is to examine the interactions between two male characters in And the Mountains Echoed by Khaled Hosseini as they navigate their way through accepting their sexuality and breaking away from the cultural standards in Afghanistan and Islam. This is a literary analysis of the novel and the ways that both men, consciously and unconsciously, show their love for each other in very masculine ways. The idea of masculine love is a theme throughout the entire novel, but the use of the theme between two men who become each other’s love interest is unique to their story. Colton Campbell - “Carbon Fiber Through History” (session 2) Carbon fiber has been a staple in human history since its creation in 1860 by Sir Joseph Swan to help light an incandescent light bulb. This however was not the carbon fiber we know nowadays, the fiber we know nowadays was first synthesized in 1958 and was created by heating rayon until carbonization began. Due to the lightweight nature and durability of carbon fiber we can see it being used every day in everything from golf clubs to bulletproof vests, to even airplanes. I believe that it can be very useful and interesting to look at a brief history of carbon fiber and its connections in human society as well as the history of it itself. Elizabeth Canning - “Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA)” (poster session) Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a hard to treat staph infection. The MRSA superbug is the result of decades of unnecessary antibiotic use, for viral infections that do not respond to antibiotics. According to CDC data around 5% of the population carries around the MRSA bacteria. MRSA can spread through hospitals, invasive medical procedures, and long-term care facilities. Infections caused by the bacteria can affect the bloodstream, lungs, heart, bones, and joints. To prevent the spread of MRSA, hospital rooms and equipment need to be properly cleaned and sterilized, workers should be washing their hands, and wearing protective gear.

Hayden Chevalier - Self Defense Scenario (Special Session 9:00-12) Chandler Chritiansen - Self Defense Scenario (Special Session 9:00-12) Lauryn Craine - “I’m Not Lazy, I Have a Sleeping Disorder” (session 6)

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My presentation consists of a few chapters from my memoir. My memoir is about coming to terms with being diagnosed with a rare sleeping disorder. My writing is an investigation of my memories to show how my condition affected me while I was growing up and how it currently affects me as a college student. I argue that it is important to not judge people at first glance because the people who did it to me did not realize that I was not being lazy on purpose, but rather I had an undiagnosed condition. I decided to write my senior thesis as my memoir to advocate for invisible disabilities, rare conditions, and specifically to raise awareness for idiopathic hypersomnia. Emmandarry David - Self Defense Scenario (Special Session 9:00-12) Linsey Day - “Sex Differences in Research and Diagnosis of Substance Abuse Disorder” (session 14) I plan to orally present a summarized version of a literature review paper I wrote for Psychopharmacology during the summer intersession period. I plan to aim the focus of my presentation on the sex differences portrayed in research resulting in explicit male bias, specifically regarding diagnosis of specific disorders. I will highlight how the imbalance of research is correlated to patterns of diagnosis by healthcare professionals, and how this frequent pattern effects the sex differences in seeking out treatment for substance abuse disorder specifically. I will draw attention to the stigmatization surrounding sexes and the detrimental results that this pattern has resulted in. I will note future directions that could be implicated to ease this problematic pattern. I will present the research I’ve collected in my literature review alongside a slide presentation. Abdoulaye Diallo - “How Cobalt will Impact Society in the Near Future” (session 17) Cobalt has an enormous impact on our lives, particularly on technology. Indeed, cobalt is often a neglected metal that has the symbol Co and atomic number 27. Around 70% of the world's cobalt mine production comes from the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), where human rights are not respected. As a result of such anarchic exploitation, climate change and the environment are affected. Globally, cobalt is used primarily in rechargeable battery electrodes. In addition, cobalt demand will increase as electric vehicles become more prevalent in the coming years, therefore the use of cobalt will double or triple on a global scale. Ali Dobbins - “Chiropractic Manipulation and Reflexology for Infantile Colic” (session 18) This project explores the benefits of alternative therapies for infants with colic. Not only does colic affect the infant, but it can deeply strain the mother and family of the infant. Pediatric chiropractor services and reflexology therapy can affect the disposition of the infant as noted by the statistically significant decrease in length and/or number of colicy episodes. An educational module was developed to instruct parents on the benefits of chiropractic and reflexology services to assist with infants suffering from colic. Logan Ellinwood - Self Defense Scenario (Special Session 9:00-12) Bailey Emann (session 16) - see Linder

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Elise Falcetti - “How Jesus is Viewed Through Different Generations” (poster session) I will be talking about how people's views of Jesus have changed through generations in the United States. Piero Fano (session 16) - see Linder Vitor Furiati, Ana Paula Torresbaca Cruz, Austin Kostelnik, & Isaiah Yates - “Nerpal Gaming” (session 17) Nerpal is here to create fun! Whether it be a family game night or friendly competition, we want to give the best experience possible. We do this by creating a product that is different from any other game. Bringing competitiveness, strategy, and entertainment straight to your home. Wyatt Grunwald - “Measles” (session 5) Measles is a respiratory disease in the virus family Paramyxoviridae. It was originally discovered in the 9th century by Persian physician Abū Bakr Muhammad Zakariyyā Rāzī. Since then, measles has been highly contagious. From outbreaks in the 1700s to outbreaks in the past 5 years, measles has had plenty of morbid cases, especially in children under 5. Symptoms are similar to influenza and include a rash up to 14 days after exposure. This sometimes has permanent effects afterward that includes pneumonia, seizures, and brain damage. An effective vaccine has been produced that has reduced the virus tremendously nowadays. Miriam Gubo - “Pollution” (session 10) The insouciant mass consumption of completely unnecessarily created waste has been my biggest culture shock since coming to the US. On average a plastic bag is used for 12 minutes, but it can take up to 1000 years for it to fully decompose. And yet people still use them as if there wasn't already more plastic in our oceans than fish. That lack of awareness or rather the motivated moral blindness towards how we treat our planet is shocking. This is why I will use recycled materials like plastic bags in combination with other design elements and arts and craft techniques to stress the importance of environmental awareness and the impact of wastefulness. Didiah Hall - Self Defense Scenario (Special Session 9:00-12) Didiah Hall - “Should Inmates be Charged for Going to Prison” (poster session) I'm looking into supporting my hypothesis which is that: “I hypothesize that 60% of people will not know that people leaving prison will be less financially stable than when they went in.” The information in this project will be obtained through a survey of Missouri College students and a literature review. The scope of this work will show the impact of the cost of prison on both the

inmate and surrounding family members due to the financial burden. Kaylee Hering - “Everything Has an End, Here It Is” (session 6)

A concise summary of my journey at Missouri Valley College. I will explore my senior show “Everything Has An End, Here It Is.” and highlight what I have learned in my time here earning two majors; a BA in Vocal Music and a BA in Theatre.

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Chané Higgo - “The 18th Molecule: Melatonin” (session 7) Why melatonin is a vital part of the human body and why does no one seem to know? I will argue that melatonin is an important hormone needed to sustain a healthy life, melatonin is vital for the synchronization of the circadian rhythms in different parts of our body. I will discuss how melatonin was discovered, as well as its importance to the human body, and how we can incorporate this lesser-known hormone more effectively in our lives. Hailey Holland - “How Women Acquire and Maintain Political and Social Power in The Odyssey , The Ramayana of Valmiki , and The Thousand and One Nights ” (session 19) This paper will address the ways in which women in The Odyssey , The Ramayana of Valmiki , and The Thousand and One Nights acquire and maintain political and social power. This essay is not a comparison of the three texts, but an examination of shared themes across these three texts. These texts all contain women who at one point had no political or social power, then acquired indirect political power through a relationship with a man, and then maintained their power using their intelligence, which suggests this method of acquiring political power was common among women during these times. They also all have roots in oral tradition before being written down, proving that they are integral texts to the culture they originated from because they all had the Carly Hovendick - “Breastfeeding Decreases Respiratory Illness in Infants” (session 9) Research supports that breastfeeding, for any amount of time, decreases respiratory illnesses in infants up to two years of age. This includes severity of illness as well as hospital admissions. The purpose of this capstone project is to educate mothers in the second and third trimester on the benefit of breastfeeding to reduce the risk of respiratory illnesses through a short, concise powerpoint presentation. A visual presentation will help the mother retain the education provided. Sidni Hunter - “Imperialist Propaganda and the Central Intelligence Agency’s use of Neoliberal Rebranding” (session 12) Since it’s origins in 1947, the Central Intelligence Agency has had an incredibly appalling past engaging in propaganda, torture, and the creation of terrorist organizations. However, in May of 2021 the organization released a “progressive” advertisement to try and recruit people of color to their team and rebrand the general public’s perception of the agency. Specifically, this project aims to understand how the Central Intelligence Agency’s neoliberal rebranding reinforces imperial propaganda of the state. To begin, this project will analyze Oriana Gilson’s 2019 Research Thesis Titled, “An Intersectional Feminist Rhetorical Reframing of Rhetorics of Efficiency Within Public Policy.” Building from this scholarship, Gilson’s methodology will be directly compared to the advertisement, highlighting key similarities. The project concludes by answering the initial research question and drawing further implications about progressive neoliberalism as a whole. Haley Innes (session 22) - see Menz strength to survive through generations. Kim Horsten (session 16) - see Linder

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Stefan Iordache - “Social Media: A Friend or an Enemy?” (session 17) The theme of my project will be the impact social media has on individuals' mental and social tendencies. This will be a researched analysis essay, considered the final project for the Rhetorical and Composition Course. We live in an era dominated by technology, where information is at the tip of our fingers. With this great wave comes the use of social media, which nowadays is considered of a higher value by some individuals. Surrounded by social media and information, we need to ask ourselves: is this exposure harmful or helpful for our minds? Does it affect the way we think and view the world? Could it be the cause of many social issues people face nowadays? This project’s purpose is to answer these questions, taking a deep look into the actual effects of social media from a psychological point of view, based on many pieces of research and studies done by specialized people in this field. By the end of this presentation, we will know if the use of social media has any effects on us, and answer many people’s questions. A.C.A. Jayasundera - “The Effectiveness of Teaching Learning Process of Environmental Science Concepts Through Problem Based Learning (PBL)” (session 22) Problem based learning (PBL) is an innovative psychological approach which enhances the in- depth study of the subject matter in-cooperated with real world applications. PBL involves interdisciplinary learning and collaborative efforts, spreading beyond the boundaries of traditional teaching-learning systems. Environmental Science is a multidisciplinary subject and Environmental Science module in Division of Mathematics and Science, Missouri Valley College offers to students in most all subject disciplines in the college. Understanding the correct basic concepts of Environmental Science, motivating and encouraging to explore the concepts of Environmental Science and avoiding the misconceptions of Environmental Science are the main challenges that have been identified according to the intended learning outcome of this module. Self-determination theory suggests that people have three psychological necessities; autonomy, competence and relatedness which enhance the growth and development of basic soft skills. Therefore, a basic research proposal has been developed to address the main challenges of the module by prioritizing the problem-based learning method. The proposal is based on improvement of students’ competence level, encouragement of the autonomy support together with their main subject disciplinaries and strengthens the relationship between lecturer-In- charge and students. The methodology will be based on a mixed method approach and SPSS-21 analysis will be used in data analysis. This proposal expects to create a fruitful dialogue among academics, improve the teaching and learning process of the Environmental Science module in the college and enhance students’ intrinsic motivation to empower their meaningful learning. Izak Johnson - “Avian Flu” (poster session) Avian Flu is a disease in birds. This disease mostly is noticed in waterfowl populations. Especially birds that congregate in larger groups, such as snow geese. Avian Flu is prevalent year to year, but has come to be more of a problem the past few years. Many species of waterfowl have been affected by this. Which also has influences on how the breeding season goes. This year mallards, pintails, snow geese, and speckle belly geese showed the greatest declines in numbers due to this disease. It is easily spread and kills the birds swiftly.

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Izak Johnson- “Distribution of Darters ( Percidae ) in the Salt Fork Creek, Saline County, Missouri” (session 11) The Salt Fork Creek is a third order stream that flows through Saline County, Missouri. The Salt Fork exhibits physical and chemical characteristics of streams from both the glaciated plains to the north and the Ozark Plateau to the south. From September through November 2022 we sampled 9 different sites along the Salt Fork Creek for the presence of darters (Percidae), a group of fishes more typical of cool, spring-fed rivers of the Ozarks. The purpose of this study was to document the maximum upstream and downstream distribution limits of darters within the Salt Fork Creek. Kristina KC - “‘In My Universe’ Poetry Podcast” (session 11) My project is poetry about myself narrating my story. As a 19-year old girl I have been raised to become the personality I am right now with lots of personalities and situations. Till now, of course, it has been difficult and it will be difficult but how my journey became an extent to fulfill my dreams I have explained in my poetry. I have written about everything till now but this is the first one to explain my life. My parents have always told me, “ If you write, write in a way that people who are hearing you start imagining themselves in the life inside your story.” Somehow thinking and believing that I will be able to make people relate to my life and learn something from that I wrote this. This poetry I am sure will be able to blow some fire that will pass the warmth of ease to everyone. Life holds unfinished journeys to which I say start, pause, and restart. We live in one universe but somewhat in a parallel universe something is waiting for us which is birth to the next life. This poetry will not only narrate my story but also the lives of many peoples. Beni Kabongo - “Belight” (session 15) Due to the progression of technology, it is now easier than ever for artists to have more control and power to edit and re edit. I can revise and alter practically anything I do, which increases my creativity and sense of inquiry, comparable to learning a new language. However, you may express your creativity more as you become familiar with the tools. To show my varied inventiveness and interest in the digital world, I chose the word "Belight." Design and art have changed as a result of technology in ways that one would never have anticipated, progressing and expressing themselves with new features and tools. Work once performed by pencil can now take on more abstract qualities with the help of programs such as Indesign, Illustrator, Photoshop, and after effects. Kaylee Keen - “Pneumonia” (poster session) Pneumonia is an infection in the air sacs of the lungs. These air sacs fill with fluid which causes the coughing that often coexists with Pneumonia. The flu and the common cold are the main causes of viral pneumonia. Pneumonia can be spread by airborne droplets from a cough or a sneeze. Some symptoms include: sore throat, coughing, sneezing, fever, nausea and vomiting. Pneumonia is a top contributor of people being admitted to the hospital next to women giving birth. In 2019 2.5 million people died from Pneumonia. It can be caused by either viral or bacterial infections, and can usually be treated with antibiotics.

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Austin Kostelnik (session 17) - see Furiati Allexis Lark - “How Calcium Moves the World” (session 3)

In this presentation we will explore the effects of calcium on the human body as well as the various impacts of calcium on the world. More specifically, we will look at how calcium supports the human body in all necessary functions such as bone health and muscle contraction. We will also discuss what happens to the body in the event that the body does not have enough calcium. Another topic will be where calcium is commonly used in everyday life without our realization. The medical and architectural world also have interesting uses for calcium that will be reviewed as well. In summary, this presentation will emphasize the importance of calcium in our everyday lives. Valentin Laser - “Mental Challenge - How Mental Health Affects Sports Students in their Daily Lives” (session 7) Being a student and at the same time a student-athlete can be hard sometimes. Dealing with a lot of pressure and mental challenges are main parts of most sportspersons. In addition, the presentation explores the positive affect of mental health in sports practices. As a sports student at Missouri Valley College, I want to talk about our mental training and its influence on our game-days. The presentation should give people the chance to understand how our everyday lives look alike, and the importance of a balanced mindset. Koby Linder, Bailey Emann, Conor Taylor, Kim Horsten, Maho Muramatsu, Patricia Seller, Piero Fano, & Habby Vaglienti, “Fall 2022 Athletic Department Internship” (session 16) This semester, I and the other seven authors of this presentation had the privilege to serve as interns in the athletic department here at Missouri Valley College. The internship allowed us to further a great number of skills both personally and professionally. This internship helped us to prepare for our future professions by teaching us the necessary skills that are needed in order to plan, organize and host an athletic event on a college campus. The internship also allowed us to help accomplish our short term goals of getting required credits in order to graduate, as well as our long term goals of being prepared for a career when we graduate. In order for us to complete this internship we had to remain organized at all times and needed to balance our school work, athletic teams, and internship responsibilities. Doing this included many late nights and long The viral infection most commonly known as mumps, scientifically Mumps orthorubulavirus. Although it is very preventable through vaccines, it is a viral infection that affects the salivary glands. It is very uncommon and per year only 20,000 cases are in the United States. It can be spread through touch, airborne droplets, and saliva. This infection causes the cheeks to swell up and it is treatable. Other than the swollen silica gland the symptoms are very similar to that of the flu, which include aches, loss of appetite, fever and other flu like symptoms. This infection does require a medical diagnosis. The treatment focuses on symptom relief and preventive actions. days between all of the responsibilities we had to stay on top of. John Lipscomn - “The Viral Infection Mumps” (poster session)

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Lucinda Lombaard - “Ketamine: The 18th Molecule That Changed History” (session 14) In this research project I will be exploring the compound ketamine as the 18th molecule that changed history. I will be exploring the history of how ketamine came to be, as well as its modern day uses. I will also be exploring the future possibilities of ketamine usage and how it could bring change to society. Chapter 13 of “Napoleon's buttons” inspired me to do research on a compound that I believe plays an important role in history, science and humanity. Thus will this paper cover the main areas of interest that are parallel to what was covered and discussed in the HN290 class. Brandee Mannering - “Bedrest as an Intervention to Decrease Risk of Preterm Labor or Birth in Women with High Risk Pregnancies” (session 9) Many women in high risk pregnancies are placed on bed rest in an attempt to decrease uterine activity to prevent preterm labor/birth. The idea of bed rest is to reduce uterine activity and/or stabilize a condition or complication in order to continue a healthy pregnancy. The presentation describes the lack of evidence to show the benefit of bed rest to decrease uterine activity and prevent preterm labor. The educational module also provides information regarding the evidence of issues bed rest may cause due to isolation and immobility, such as the development of venous thromboembolism or mental, emotional, social and spiritual well-being effects, and increased Mass shootings have gained attention lately as this form of gun violence appears to increase. As mass shootings constantly appear in school, grocery stores, and other institutions, Americans are living in fear. A Mass shooting is defined as a minimum of three or four victims of gun violence in a short period of time. For many people mental health is already a crisis, the ongoing voice of violence damages the sense of well-being and safety (Abrams, 2022). Do mass shootings have an effect on people‘s mental health, even if they were an indirect victim? Does this fear keep people from going to the store or taking their kids to school? The purpose of the study is to examine how mass shootings impact our daily life decisions. By researching literature and surveying students from Missouri Valley College my hypothesis is that many indirect victims suffer with anxiety related to mass shootings and this has an impact on how they make daily life decisions. risk for gestational diabetes related to decreased physical activity. Shakyra McDuffie - “Mass Shooting Causing Anxiety” (session 12) What is the value of an internship, particularly focussing on the Accounting/Finance industry, and how does that have an impact on the future careers of these young protégés within the sector. Today I will look at the way in which internships not only help prepare students with hands-on experience, but the financial benefits in which they receive due to their increased knowledge and experience within the respective field. Addie Mejia - “Toxoplasmosis” (poster session) Toxoplasmosis is caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii. The zoonotic disease is spread to humans most commonly through domestic cats. It’s estimated to infect over 2 billion people across the world. While those infected are usually asymptomatic, those who are symptomatic present flu-like symptoms. Those at high risk for developing severe toxoplasmosis are people who are immunocompromised or pregnant. Treatment of the disease includes medication, Keywords: mass shootings, mental health, anxiety, daily life decisions. Jamie McGinnes - “Internships in the Finance Industry” (session 1)

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although the best method is prevention by thoroughly cooking meat and washing hands. While relatively uncommon latent infection of toxoplasmosis has been linked to behavioral changes, as well as links to psychological disorders including an increase in risk taking behaviors. Marina Mellado - “Is the Human Being Good by Nature” (session 19) I can firmly say that about 1 year ago my faith in the world dropped dramatically. I started to become aware of how we humans really are, and during these months I ask myself a common question which is; is the human being good by nature? The world is coming to an end, and it is we humans who have destroyed it, rapes and shootings are still happening really common, in the 21st century there is still over exploitation of children by big industries so that people in the first world can buy cheap fashion clothes, not to mention the wars, where thousands of children die because two adults cannot get an agreement. The world is very filthy, and we humans feed ourselves more and more with our bad actions. Since it's okay to throw a cigarette butt on the ground, because what is the big deal? If I don't throw it on the ground, someone else will. James Menz & Haley Innes, “TEAS Math: A Tantalizing Course” (session 22) For many nursing programs, the Test of Essential Academic Skills (TEAS) is part of the admissions criteria. The exam consists of sections in grammar, reading, science and math. Of these sections, math strikes a disproportionate amount of fear into nursing candidates. Professors Jim Menz and Haley Innes have developed a user-friendly course to prepare students for the math segment of the TEAS exam. The course will be offered on Brightspace and includes lessons on each subject area from the actual TEAS exam. In this presentation, Profs. Innes and Menz will discuss the lesson content, study materials and practice test questions which are designed specifically to maximize the students’ preparation, reduce “mathphobia” and help students succeed on the TEAS. Yago Merino, “Ethylene Glycol and other Antifreeze Components” (session 11) Antifreeze compounds are now used in most, if not all internal combustion engines we use on a daily basis. It is understood by most individuals that by using these antifreeze substances, such as ethylene glycol, the water used in the engine’s cooling system won’t freeze in really low temperatures and will not boil at high temperatures. However, how does antifreeze really work? How was ethylene glycol synthesized and used for the first time? We know that ethylene glycol is not the only compound that can act as an antifreeze, and we often base our inventions on examples found in nature. Is this one of those cases? Yago Merino - “Lyme Disease and its Importance in Society” (session 5) Lyme disease is a type of bacterial infection caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi and is considered one of the most important vector diseases in the United States. It is usually transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected black-legged tick. During this presentation, we will go through the variety of ways it can be transmitted, the symptoms, possible ways of preventing an infection, or the different treatments that exist to treat the disease itself, as well as understanding the impact it has on society nowadays. Morgan Middleton - “Bringing it Back to Sex Ed” (poster session) Sexual education is a major issue in society. By looking at the data on young adults who seek google for their sexual health questions. As well as the controversial topic of whose

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