VIM Magazine

VIM Magazine

CORPORATE VOLUNTEERING

ืคืชื— ื“ื‘ืจ ืจืคื™ ืืœื•ืœ ื™ื•"ืจ ืขืžื•ืชืช ืจื•ื— ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืžืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืืจื™ืกื•ืŸ. ื‘ ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืขืฉืจื™ื ืฉื ื” ืขืžื•ืชืช "ืจื•ื— ื˜ื•ื‘ื”", ืฉืื•ืžืฆื” ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ืฉืจื™ ืืจื™ืกื•ืŸ ื•ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืืจื™ืกื•ืŸ, ืžืกืคืงืช ืžืขื ื” ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืชื™ ืœื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืขืกืงื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื”ืŸ ืœื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช. ื”ืžืขื ื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจื•ื‘ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจืŸ ืœืขืžื•ืชื” ืื• ืœืžืกืคืจ ืขืžื•ืชื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื•ื‘ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื. ืœืคื ื™ ื›ื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ืขื‘ืจื ื• ื‘ืจื•ื—-ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืœืžื™ื“ื” ืžืขืžื™ืงื” ืฉื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืชืคื™ืกืชื™ ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืขื ื”ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ืขืกืงื™, ื–ืืช ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื‘ื ื” ื›ื™ ืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ืจื‘ ืžืฆื“ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืขืกืงื™ื•ืช ืœืžืกื“ ืืช ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื. ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืชืคืชื— ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ืช ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืœืื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื•ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืขืกืงื™ื•ืช ืžืืžืฆื•ืช ืื’ืณื ื“ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืืœ ืžื•ืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื”ืŸ ื•ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ. ื”ื‘ื ื• ืฉื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื”ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ืขืœ ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืชื ื•ื”ืขื“ืคื•ืชื™ื”ื, ื™ื›ื•ืœื”

ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื 3...................................................................................................................................... ืคืชื— ื“ื‘ืจ - ืจืคื™ ืืœื•ืœ

?VIMagazine ืžื” ื–ื” ืžื’ื–ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ืขืกืงื™, ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœ ืืช ืฉืžื• ืžืžื•ื“ืœ VIM โ€“ Volunteer Impact Measurement ื”ืžื•ื“ืœ ืœืžื“ื™ื“ืช ืชื•ืขืœืช ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉืคื™ืชื—ื” 'ืจื•ื— ื˜ื•ื‘ื”' (ืขืœื™ื• ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืงืจื•ื ื‘ื”ืจื—ื‘ื” ื‘ื›ืชื‘ื” ) 5-4 ืณ ื‘ืขืž ื’ืื™ื ืœื”ืฉื™ืง ืืช ื’ื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื›ื•ืจื”.

5-4....................................................................................................... ืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ืช โ€“ ืขื™ื“ื• ืœื•ื˜ืŸ

7-6.......................................................................................................................... ืžืกืคืจื™ื ื–ื” ืฉื ื”ืžืฉื—ืง

9-8.................................................................................................................... ืžืขื’ืœื™ ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช โ€“ ืงืจืŸ ืœื‘ื™ื

13-10........................................................................................... ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ืœื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืฉืงืื•ืช ืงืœื™ื

17-16.................................................................................................................................................. ื‘ื ืง ืœืื•ืžื™

19-18..................................................................................................................................... ืžื’ื“ืœ

ืœืชืช ืžืขื ื” ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ืœืงื™ื“ื•ื ืื’ืณื ื“ื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ื”ืŸ ื›ืœืคื™ ืคื ื™ื ื•ื”ืŸ ื›ืœืคื™ ื—ื•ืฅ. ื’ื™ื‘ืฉื ื• ืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ืขืœ ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืขืœ ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืจื—ื‘ ืฉืœ ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืชื ื“ื‘. ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืจื•ื—-ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ืขืกืงื™ ืžืชื‘ืกืกืช ืขืœ ืฉื ื™ื ืืจื•ื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื™ืกื•ืง ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ื ื”ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื–ืืช ื•ืขื•ื“: ืขืœ ื”ื™ื›ืจื•ืช ืžืขืžื™ืงื” ืขื ื”ืฆืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื—ื“ ื•ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื ืช ื”ืžื ื™ืขื™ื ืฉืœ ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ื•ืื–ืจื—ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืชื ื“ื‘ ืžืื™ื“ืš. ื”ืžื•ื˜ื™ื‘ืฆื™ื” ืœื”ืชื ื“ื‘ ืงืฉื•ืจื” ื‘ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืจื’ืฉื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืชื ื“ื‘ ืœืชื—ื•ื ื”ืขืฉื™ื™ื”, ืœืžื•ื˜ื‘ื™ื ื•ืœืงื”ื™ืœืชื•.

21-20................................................................................................................................................ ืื™ื ื“ื™ื’ื• HP

25-22......................................................................................................................................... ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืฉืœืžื”

27-26........................................................................................................................................... ื‘ื ืง ื”ืคื•ืขืœื™ื

31-28................................................................................................................................. ืื™ื ื˜ืœ

33-32................................................................................................................................... ืื•ืžืจื™ืงืก

35-34................................................................... ืขื•ื“ ืœื ื”ื•ืžืฆืื” ื”ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืชืฆื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืื‘ืœ

ืื ื• ื’ืื™ื ืœื”ืฉื™ืง ืžื’ื–ื™ืŸ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืžืกื•ื’ื• ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ืช ื•ืžื–ืžื™ื ื™ื ืืชื›ื ืœื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืœืžืขื’ืœ ื”ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ.

3

2

ืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ืช ืขื™ื“ื• ืœื•ื˜ืŸ ืžื ื›ืดืœ ืขืžื•ืชืช ืจื•ื— ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืžืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืืจื™ืกื•ืŸ.

ื‘

ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ืช ืžื•ืขื™ืœื” ืœื—ื‘ืจื•ืช?

ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ืจื•ื— ื˜ื•ื‘ื”, ื‘ืคืจื™ื•ืŸ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื. 16% ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืžืชื•ืš ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืžื•ื“ืœ ืžืขื™ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืคืจืžื˜ืจื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื: VIM ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื 21% ืขืœื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืขื“

ืžืชื”ืœื™ืš ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื” ืฉืœื”ื. ื›ืš ืœืžืขืฉื” ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื ืžื“ื“ื•ืช ืขืคืด ืคืจืžื˜ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ื•ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ืช ืœื ืจืง ืขืดื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื”ืŸ ื•ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ, ืืœื ื’ื ืขืดื™ ืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื”ืŸ. ื‘ืขืžื•ืชืช ืจื•ื— ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืื ื• ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืœืžืขืœื” ืฉื ื” ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ื ื”ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ 20- ืž ื•ื‘ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื ืœืขืžื•ืชื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืžื•ืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืžื’ื–ืจื™ื, ื”ืขืžื•ืชื” ืคื•ืขืœืช ืชื—ืช ื”ืงืจืŸ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ืช ืขืœ ืฉื ืชื“ ืืจื™ืกื•ืŸ. ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืคื™ืชื—ื ื• ืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™, ื”ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืขืกืงื™ื•ืช ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืชื ื• ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉื ืชื™ืช, ืืฉืจ ืžืชื—ื‘ืจืช ืœืขืจื›ื™ื, ืœืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ, ืœืื•ืคื™ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื•ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื, ื•ืœืคืจื™ืกื” ื”ืืจืฆื™ืช. ื›ืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ื•ื™ืขื“ื™ื ืžื“ื™ื“ื™ื ื•ื”ื›ืœ ืžืชื•ืขื“ ื‘ื“ื•ืดื— ืื™ืžืคืงื˜ ืžืขืžื™ืง. VIM (Volunteer ืคื™ืชื—ื ื• ืืช ืžื•ื“ืœ 2019- ื‘ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืžืกื•ื’ื• ื™ื—ื“ ,)Impact Measurement . ื”ืžื•ื“ืœ ื ื•ืขื“ Deloitte ืขื ืคื™ืจืžืช ื”ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ืœืžื“ื•ื“ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืขืœืช ืœื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืขืกืงื™ืช ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช. ืžื ืชื•ื ื™ ื”ืžื•ื“ืœ ืขื“ ื›ื” ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™, ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช

ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ืช ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืœื—ืœืง ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืคืจื“ ืžืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื‘ืขื•ืœื.

. ืžื™ืชื•ื’ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ื’ื™ื•ืก ื›ื™ืฉืจื•ื ื•ืช โ€“ ืขืคืดื™ ื“ืœื•ื™ื˜ 1 (ื™ืœื™ื“ื™ Y- ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืžื›ืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืžื“ื•ืจ ื” ), ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ืœืชืจื•ื ืžื”ื›ื™ืฉืจื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื™ื“ืข 80- ืฉื ื•ืช ื” ืฉืœื”ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช. ืกืงืจ ืื—ืจ ืฉื ืขืฉื” Z- ืžืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืžื“ื•ืจ ื” 83%- ื”ืจืื” ืฉ 2020- ื‘ (ื™ืœื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžื™ืœื ื™ื•ื), ื˜ื•ืขื ื™ื ืฉืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืœื’ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื›ืœืœื” ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืฉื™ืงื•ืœ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ืžืงื•ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”. ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืžืืžืฆืช ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืžืขื•ื“ื“ืช ืืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื” ืœืงื—ืช ื—ืœืง ื•ืœืชืจื•ื ืžื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื”ื, ืชืจื•ื•ื™ื— ื”ืŸ ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื”, ื•ื”ืŸ ื‘ืžืจื“ืฃ ืื—ืจ ื›ื™ืฉืจื•ื ื•ืช. . ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื•ืกื™ืคื•ืง โ€“ ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช 2 ื”ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืชื”ื™ื” ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืขืจื›ื™ื”, ื›ืš ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ืจื’ื™ืฉื• ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืกื™ืคื•ืง ืœืžืงื•ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื. ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืงื™ืจื• ืืช ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืฉื ื™ืชื ืช ืœื”ื ืขืดื™ ืžืงื•ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืœืชืจื•ื ืœื—ื‘ืจื”, ื“ื‘ืจ ืืฉืจ ื™ืชื‘ื˜ื ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืชืคื•ืงืชื ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช.

ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืžื’ืžื” ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช, ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ืืจืฅ ืžื‘ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื•ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืชื•ืจืžืช ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœืฉื•ืจืช ื”ืจื•ื•ื— ืฉืœื”ืŸ, ื•ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ืœืืžืฅ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื›ื—ืœืง ืžืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ืช. ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ืช ืžื•ืฉื›ืœืช ื•ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขื ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืฆื™ืคื™ื™ื” ื”ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ื•ื’ื•ื‘ืจืช ืžื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืขืกืงื™ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช Harvard- ื•ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ืช. ืžืชื•ืš ืกืงืจ ืฉืคื•ืจืกื ื‘ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื 10 ืžืชื•ืš 9 ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ Business Review ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœื”ืจื•ื•ื™ื— ืคื—ื•ืช ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช, ื•ืขืคืดื™ ืกืงืจ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ ืฉืคื•ืจืกื ื™ื•ืชืจ 4-6 ื‘ืคื•ืจื‘ืก, ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ืคื™ ืžื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืžื•ื ืขื•ืช ืžื˜ืจื” ื‘ืขืœืช ืขืจืš ื—ื‘ืจืชื™. ืคื ื™ื ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ืžื™ื•ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื›ื’ื•ืŸ: ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืžื•ืœ ืงื”ืœ, ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื‘ื™ื ืื™ืฉื™ืช, ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ืฆื•ื•ืช, ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช, ืืชื™ืงื” ื•ืืฃ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื–ืžืŸ.

ื‘ื—ืกื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืชื’ 20% ืขืœื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืขื“ ื‘ื”ื’ื‘ืจืช ื ืืžื ื•ืช 45% ืขืœื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืขื“ ื•ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื

ื‘ื ื˜ื™ื™ืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืœืขื–ื•ื‘ 50% ึฟื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืขื“ ืชื“ืžื™ืช ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ืช 42% ืขืœื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืขื“

ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืœื™ ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื‘ืืจื’ื– ื”ื›ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื—ื‘ืจื”. ื”ื™ื ืžืชื‘ืกืกืช ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืื‘ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™, ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ืืžื•ืจ ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื—ื–ืง ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื•ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื ืžืจื—ื‘ ืฉืœ ืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืš ืœื—ื–ืง ืืช ื”ืืงื• ืกื™ืกื˜ื ื‘ื• ื”ื ืคื•ืขืœื™ื. ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืžื•ืชืืžืช, ืžืื•ืจื’ื ืช, ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ื™ืขื“ื™ื ื•ืžื“ื™ื“ื”, ื”ืžืชื›ืชื‘ืช ืขื ืขืจื›ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”,ืชื ื™ื‘ ืชื•ืขืœืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช, ืœืฆื“ ืชื•ืขืœืช ืขืกืงื™ืช.

. ื’ื™ื•ืก ืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื โ€“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื 3 ื›ื—ืœืง ESG ืžืฉืœื‘ื™ื ืคืจืžื˜ืจื™ื ืฉืœ

*ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜ ื ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื–ื›ืจ, ืืš ืคื•ื ื” ืœื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื.

5

4

ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืฉื ืชืจื ื”ืฉื ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืชื™ื™ื โ‚ช 1,198,790

ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืœืฉื ืช

ื”ื™ื™ื˜ืง ื•ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ โ–  ื‘ื ืงืื•ืช ื•ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— โ–  ื›ื™ืžื™ื” ื•ืคืืจืžื” โ–  ืงืžืขื•ื ืื•ืช ื•ืžื–ื•ืŸ โ–  ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื•ืื ืจื’ื™ื” โ–  ืžืฉืคื˜ ื•ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ โ–  ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื•ืฉื™ืจื•ืช โ–  ื ื“ืœืŸ ื•ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” โ– 

ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื• ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช 609 16,041 45,085 503 ืขืžื•ืชื•ืช ื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื• ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ืขื™ืกืงื™

ืกื•ื’ื™ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืืจื•ื›ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื•ื— ืขื ืจื•ื— ื˜ื•ื‘ื”

ื”ืคืขืœื•ืช ื•ืกื“ื ืื•ืช โ–  ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ื•ื’ื™ื ื•ืŸ โ–  ืืจื™ื–ืช ืžื–ื•ืŸ โ–  ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” โ– 

ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื“ืคื™ื ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื

ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช, ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ื•ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช 3,526 ื™ืฆืื• ืœื”ืชื ื“ื‘ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื 2,697 ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘-

ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื

ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื

7

6

ืžืขื’ืœื™ ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืงืจืŸ ืœื‘ื™ื ืžื ื”ืœืช ืžื—ืœืงืช ืจื•ื— ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืœืขืกืงื™ื

ื‘

ืžืงื‘ืœื•ืช ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช. ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืจื•ืื™ื ื“ื•ื’ืžื ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ื•/ืื• ื”ืื—ื™ื ื•ืขืœ ื”ื“ืจืš ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืชื ืกื™ื ื‘ืขืฆืžื. ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื—ืœ ืžื’ื™ืœ ืฆืขื™ืจ ืžืจื—ื™ื‘ื” ืื•ืคืงื™ื ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื, ื—ื•ืฉืคืช ืื•ืชื ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ืžื•ืงื“ื ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืื—ืจ, ื•ืœืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื•ืช ื•ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื”ื ืœื ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ื”ื™ื• ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืื—ืจืช. ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื ื”ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ืœื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื’ ื–ื” ื”ื ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ื›ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืขื‘ืจืชื ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืื•ืคืฆื™ื•ืช ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืขื ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื, ื›ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืื•ืชื ืงืฆืช ืžื”ืžืกื›ื™ื, ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืœื™ืžื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”, ืœื™ืฆื™ืื” ืœื˜ื‘ืข, ืœื—ื•ืคื™ื, ืœื™ืขืจื•ืช, ืœื ื˜ื™ืขื•ืช ืขืฆื™ื ื•ื›ื“'. ื—ื’ื™ ืชืฉืจื™, ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื”ืจืžื“ืืŸ ื•ื—ื’ ืคืกื— ื”ื ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ ืืจื™ื–ื•ืช ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืœื ื–ืงืงื™ื ื”ืžื ื—ื™ืœื™ื ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืืช ืขืจืš ื”ื ืชื™ื ื”. ื™ืฉื ืŸ ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืงื•ื ืกื˜ืœืฆื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช: ื”ื•ืจื” ื•ื™ืœื“, ืื ื•ื‘ืช, ืื‘ ื•ื‘ืŸ ื•ื”ืคื•ืš, ืขื ืกื‘ื ื•ืกื‘ืชื, ืื— ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ืื— ืงื˜ืŸ, ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื•ืืฃ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื”ืžื•ืจื—ื‘ืช.

ืกื˜ืืจื‘ืืงืก, ืจืฉืช ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืงืคื” ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ื ื—ืฉื‘ืช ืœืื—ืช ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืื™ืžืคืงื˜ ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ื•ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™. ื”ื ื—ื‘ืจื• ืœืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื ื• ืืชืจ ืœืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช volunteer match ืžืฆื™ืืช ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช, ื‘ืืชืจ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื—ืคืฉ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื, ืื• ืœืคืจืกื ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื•ืœื’ื™ื™ืก ืืœื™ื”ื ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื. ืงื•ืงื”-ืงื•ืœื”, ื–ื• ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ืช ืฉืงื•ืงื”-ืงื•ืœื” ) ื‘ื” ืืœืคื™ wow tour( ืขื•ืœื” ืขื ืงืžืคื™ื™ืŸ ื•ืื•ื• ื˜ื•ืจ ื‘ื ื™ ื ื•ืขืจ ืžื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืœื”ืชื ื“ื‘ ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืžื’ื•ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืข"ื™ ื›ืš ืื•ืกืคื™ื ื ื™ืงื•ื“ ืœื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืข ืฉื™ื ืžื•ืกื™ืงืืœื™. ื”ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืžืฉืชืชืคื™ื ื‘ื˜ื™ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืคืขื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื. ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืงื•ืงื”-ืงื•ืœื” ื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ื” ืืช ืžืขื’ืœ ื”ืžืฉืชืชืคื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื” ืœืงื”ืœ ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื- ื ื•ืขืจ, ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื•ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ืฉื’ื ืœื”ื ืžื ื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื–ื” ืœืขื•ื“ื“ ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ืœื”ืชื ื“ื‘, ื•ืœืชืช ืžืขื ื” ืœืขืžื•ืชื•ืช ื‘ืžืขื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ืžื’ื•ื•ื ื™ื. ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช โ€ข ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืฉืžื—ื™ื ืœื’ื“ืœ ื•ืœื—ื ืš ืืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ืขืœ ืขืจื›ื™ ืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื˜ื•ื‘, ืชืจื•ืžื” ืœืงื”ื™ืœื” ื•ื ืชื™ื ื” ื•ืืœื• ื”ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช

ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช.

ืื—ื“ ืžืžืคื’ืฉื™ 'ืงื”ื™ืœืช ืขืกืงื™ื ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช' ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ื—ื•ืœืคืช, ื”ืžืื•ืจื’ืŸ ืขื™ ืฆื•ื•ืช ืžื—ืœืงืช ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช

ื›ืžื” ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืœื“ืจื›ื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืชืŸ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ ืืช ืžืขื’ืœื™ ื”ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช: ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช โ€ข ืžื‘ืฉืœืช ื‘ื™ืจื” ื‘ื’'ื•ืจื’'ื™ื”, ืืจื”"ื‘ ืžืืจื—ืช ืคืขื ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืงื”ื™ืœืชื™ื™ื, ื ืฆื™ื’ื™ื ืžืžืงืœื˜ื™ื ื•ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขืฉืจื” ืœืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ื•ืžื ื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืœืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืืจื™ื–ื•ืช ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื›ื ืช ืฉืžื™ื›ื•ืช ืœืžื•ื—ืกืจื™ ื‘ื™ืช. ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืžืฆื•ื ื•ื•ื™ื“ื’'ื˜ YNET ื‘ืืชืจ ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช โ€“ ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ื’ืจืคื™ ืงืœื™ืœ ื•ื ื•ื—, ืฉืฉื•ืืœ ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืชืจืฆื” ืœื”ืชื ื“ื‘ ื•ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ืชื—ื•ื. ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืงืœืงื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช. ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื™ืช ืื™ื–ื™, ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื” ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ืžื ื•ืข ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืขื ืžืคื” ืœืžืฆื™ืืช ืขืกืงื™ื ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื”ื ื’ื™ืฉื• ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืžืžืฉ ื›ืžื• ืฉืžื ื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืžืกืขื“ื•ืช, ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื ื•ื‘ืชื™ ืขืกืง ืžื’ื•ื•ื ื™ื. ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื‘ืจืจ ืื™ื–ื• ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ืงืจื‘ืช ืžืงื•ื ื•ืื™ืš ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘.

ืœืขืกืงื™ื, ื”ืขืœื ื• ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืžืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ื ืฉื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื• ืœื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ ืืช ืžืขื’ืœื™ ื”ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืืœ ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื, ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”, ืกืคืงื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ืืฃ ืืœ ืคื•ืจืฉื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”. ืจื’ืข ืœืคื ื™ ืงืจื™ืืช ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืจืื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืžืคื™ ื ืฆื™ื’ื™ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืขืกืงื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื•ืฉืื•ืช ืขืœ ื“ื’ืœืŸ ืืช ืขืจืš ื”ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช, ืื ื™ ืžื–ืžื™ื ื” ืืชื›ื ืœืžื‘ื˜ ืจื•ื—ื‘ื™ ืขืœ ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื”ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ืขืกืงื™. ืœื›ืœ ื—ื‘ืจื” ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืจื—ื‘ ืžืื•ื“. ืื ื ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืžืขื’ืœื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื•ื ื ืชื‘ ืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืžืขื’ืœื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื, ื ืงื‘ืœ ื—ื–ืจื” ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ืชื’ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ื”ืŸ ืขืœ ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื. Points of Light: Engaging ืžืชื•ืš ื ืชื•ื ื™ Americans in Civic Life May 2020 ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ื”ืžืฉื•ื™ื›ื™ื 52% ื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ื• 41% - ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืจื›ื™ืฉื” ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื•ืช Z - ืœื“ื•ืจ ื” ืขืœ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืขืกืงื™ื•ืช. ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ื”ืžืฉื•ื™ื›ื™ื ืœื“ื•ืจ 41% ื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ื• 18%- ืฉืงืœื• ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืžื•ืขืžื“ื•ืช ืœืžืฉืจื•ืช ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช Z- ื”

ืžื•ื–ืžื ื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื›ืืŸ ืœื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช!

9

8

ืงื•ืงื”- ืงื•ืœื”

ื”ืจืืœ ื—ื™ื™ืงื™ืŸ, ืžื ื›"ืœ ืขืžื•ืชืช ืจื•ื— ื˜ื•ื‘ื”, ืžืฉื•ื—ื— ืขื ืขื™ื“ื• ืœื•ื˜ืŸ, ืžื ื›ืดืœ ืžืขืจืš ื”ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ืœื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืฉืงืื•ืช .WOW Tour ืงืœื™ื - ืขืœ ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช, ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ืช ื•ืงืžืคื™ื™ืŸ

ืข

ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืœืžื•ืชื’?

ื™ื“ื•: ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื• ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืขื ื”ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ื‘ืงื•ืงื”-ืงื•ืœื”, ืžื”ืœืš ืฉืœื ืงื•ืจื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ, ืœืจื•ื‘ ืื ื•

ื–ื” ืคืืŸ, ืื– ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื–ื” ืคืืŸ, ื™ืฆืื ื• ืœื“ืจืš. ื™ื–ืžื ื• ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืชื™ ื ื˜ื• ืฉืื™ื ื• ืงืฉื•ืจ ื‘ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื, ื‘ื• ื ื˜ืœื• ื—ืœืง ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื’ื™ืœืื™ ื•ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ื—ื™ื–ืงื• 18-16 ืื•ืชื ื•. ื ืคื’ืฉื ื• ืขื ื‘ื ื™ ื ื•ืขืจ ื•ื”ื•ืจื™ื”ื ืฉืืžืจื•: ืฉื™ื ื™ืชื ืœื™ืœื“ ืฉืœื™ ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื! ืœื›ืžื” ืžื•ืชื’ื™ื ื™ืฉ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืœื‘ื ื™ ื ื•ืขืจ ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื? ืจืฆื™ื ื• ืœืชืช ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ืœื–ื” ืฉืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื’ื ื™ื‘ ื–ื” ืœื”ืชื ื“ื‘. ืจืื™ื ื• ืฉืืœื” ืฉืขื•ืฉื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘, ื’ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืกืคื•ืจื˜, ืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื•ื’ื ืžืกืคื™ืงื™ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉ. Z - ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ โ€“ ื“ื•ืจ ื” ืขื™ื“ื•: ืžื” ืฉืžื—ื‘ืจ ืœื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ื‘ืื”, ืœืงื•ื ืžื”ืกืคื”, ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืขืฉื” ื•ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืชื ื“ื‘. ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื–ื” ืžืขืกื™ืง ืื•ืชื ื• ืœื ืžืขื˜. ืœื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืงืœ ืœื”ืชื ื“ื‘ ืื ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืื™ืคื”, ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฉืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ืื‘ืœ ื ื•ืคืœื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš. ืืชื ื”ืฆืœื—ืชื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ืขื ื‘ื ื™ ื ื•ืขืจ ื•ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื—ื•ืคืฉืช ื”ืงื™ืฅ ืฉืœื”ื. ื™ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืœื ืคืขื ืขื ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืื™ืš ืœื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื ื•ืขืจ ืœื”ืชื ื“ื‘ ื•ืืชื ื”ืฆืœื—ืชื ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืืœืคื™ื ืžื”ื ืœื”ืชื ื“ื‘ ื•ื”ื•ืงืจืชื ืื•ืชื ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ืฉืœื˜ื™ ื”ื—ื•ืฆื•ืช - ืื ืฉื™ื ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื! ื–ื” ืžื”ืœืš ืืžื™ืฅ. ื”ืื ืืชื” ืžื›ื™ืจ ืขื•ื“ ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืœืกื•ื’ ื›ื–ื” ืฉืœ

ืื• ื‘ืชื ื•ืขืช ื ื•ืขืจ. ื”ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืืœื™ื”ื ื›"ืชื™ืง" ื•ืื– ื”ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืช ื‘ื”ืชืื. ืœื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื™ืฉ ื—ืกืžื™ื ืฉืœ ื–ืžืŸ, ืžืงื•ื ื•ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœืชื—ื•ื. ื”ื‘ื ื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื’ื•ืจื ื”ืžื’ืฉืจ, ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืชื™ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฆืจื›ื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื•ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงื˜ืœื™ื–ื˜ื•ืจ ืœื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช, ื•ืื ื ืฆืœื™ื— ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื™ืœืš ื•ื™ื’ื“ืœ, ื ืฆืœื™ื— ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™. ืจืื™ื ื• ื’ื, ืฉืื ื’ืจืžื ื• ืœืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืื—ื“ ืœื”ืชื ื“ื‘, ื”ื•ื ื’ืจืจ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืžื”ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœื• ื•ื›ืš ื–ื” ื”ืชื’ืœื’ืœ ืžืื“ื ืœืื“ื. ื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืžื•ื˜ื™ื‘ืฆื™ื” - ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื”, ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื’ื•ืคื™ื ืฉืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ื–ื”, ืืžืจื ื• ืฉืงื•ืงื”- ืงื•ืœื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœืœื›ืช ืขืœ ื–ื”. ืขื™ื“ื•: ืกืคืจ ื‘ื›ืžื” ืžื™ืœื™ื ืžื” ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืขื•ืžื“ ื•ืื™ืš ื”ื•ื ื ื”ื’ื”? WOW Tour ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ืœืงื•ืงื”-ืงื•ืœื” ืชืคื™ืกืช ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ื™ืฃ, ื”ืจืืœ: . ืจืฆื™ื ื• ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืฉื•ื•ืื” Fun - ื—ื•ืคืฉ, ื”ื ืื” ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช. = ื›ื™ืฃ = ื”ื–ื• ืœื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช. ืงื•ืงื”-ืงื•ืœื” ืื ืงื•ืงื”-ืงื•ืœื” ืžืืคืฉืจืช ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืžืžืฆื‘ืช ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ืžื™ืชื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช, ืœื ืจืง ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืื™ื“ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”, ืืœื ื’ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืขืจืš ืฉืœ ื”ื ืื”. ืขื ื”ืžืฉื•ื•ืื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื”: ืงื•ืงื”-ืงื•ืœื”

ื™ืฉ ืงืžืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื˜ื•ื‘, ื’ื ืงื•ืงื”- ื”ืจืืœ: ืงื•ืœื” ืขืฉืชื” ื›ืืœื” ื‘ืขืœื™ ืื•ืคื™ "ืงืžืคื™ื™ื ื™" ืงืœื™ืœ ืฉืžื–ืžื™ืŸ ืœืฆืœื ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื•ืœืฉืœื•ื—, ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื ืžืฉืš ืœื ื ื”ื’ื” ื‘ื’ื™ืฉื” WOW Tour . ื›ืžื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื•ื–ื”ื• ืฉืœ ืงืžืคื™ื™ืŸ. ื›ืฉื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ืืžืจื ื• ืฉืœืื˜ ื™ื”ืคื•ืš ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉื ืชื™ืช. ืื’ื‘, ื–ืืช ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœื” ื’ื ื ื›ื ืกื ื• ืœืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื™ืช ืงื•ืงื”-ืงื•ืœื”. ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ืจืฉื ืœื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ ื ื•ืขืจ ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื ื” ื•ืœื ืคื—ื•ืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘, ื”ื ืขืฆืžื ืืžืจื• ืœื ื•: ืœืžื” ื–ื” ืจืง ื‘ืงื™ืฅ? WOW Tour , ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืงืžืคื™ื™ืŸ ื ืžืฉืš ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื ืžืฉืš ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื, ืคืจืง ื–ืžืŸ ืืจื•ืš ืžืžืื™ ื•ืขื“ ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜. ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจื ื• ืืชื’ืจ ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื•ืขื•ื“ ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืงื™ืฅ ื›ืฉื‘ื ื™ ื”ื ื•ืขืจ ืื• ื‘ื‘ื’ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืื• ืขืœ ืฉืคืช ื”ื™ื. ื”ืชืœื‘ื˜ื ื• ืจื‘ื•ืช. ืœื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ื”ื™ืขื ื•ืช ืื• ืคื ื™ื•ืช ืžืฆื™ื“ื. ืžืจืืฉ ื”ื’ื“ืจื ื• ืืช ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ ื”ืงืžืคื™ื™ืŸ: ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืฉื—ืงื ื™ื ืจืง ื”ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื ืขืฆืžื. ื”ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื‘ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœืขืจื™ื, ื”ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื ื”ื ื”ืžื•ื“ืœ. ืขืงื‘ื ื• ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืฉื™ื— ื‘ืจืฉืช ื•ื”ื‘ื—ื ื• ืฉืžืžืฉ ืžืชืขืกืงื™ื ื‘ื–ื” ื’ื ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ืงืžืคื™ื™ืŸ ื ื’ืžืจ. ืœืฆืขืจื™ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ื•ืฉื™ื‘ืฉื” ื”ื›ืœ.

ื ืคื’ืฉื™ื ืขื ืื’ืฃ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ืช ืื• ืจื•ื•ื—ื”. ืื– ืžื” ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ืชืคื™ืฉื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ืงื•ืงื”-ืงื•ืœื” ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื›ืขืจืš ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ? ื—ื™ืคืฉื ื• ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื™ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืจืืœ: ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื”ืฉืคืขื” ื”ืขืกืงื™ืช. ื›ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืงื•ืงื”- ืงื•ืœื” ื”ืฆื™ืคื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืฆืขื™ืจ ื”ื™ื ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ืœืžื•ืชื’ ืื™ื–ื• ืชืจื•ืžื” ื•ืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื‘ื™ื–ื ืก. ื”ื’ืขื ื• ืœืžืกืงื ื” ืฉื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉืืชื” ื’ื•ืจื ืœืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืœื”ืชื ื“ื‘, ืงื•ืจื” ืžืฉื”ื• ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื™, ืืฆืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื ื•ืขืจ ื‘ืคืจื˜, ื”ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืžืฉื ื” ืœื”ื ืชืคื™ืกื”. ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื, ื—ื™ืคืฉื ื• ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขืฆืžื” ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช, ืฉืงืœื ื• ืœืคืชื•ื— ืกื“ื ืื•ืช ื•ื”ื’ืขื ื• ืœืžืกืงื ื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืชื’ ืฉืื•ืžืจ ืœืš ืžื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ. ื•ื›ืš ื”ื’ื“ืจื ื• ืืช ื”ืืžื™ืจื” ืฉืœื ื• - ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืชื’ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื”ื—ื™ื™ื, ื ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืชื’ ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื—ื™ื™ื, ืฉื–ื” ืžืžืฉ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืชืคื™ืกื”. ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœืš. ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ืœืง ืžืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื• ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœืš. ืžื” ืฉืขื•ื“ ื–ื™ื”ื™ื ื• ื”ื™ื” ืฉื‘ื ื™ ื ื•ืขืจ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื ื“ื‘, ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืฉืขื” ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ

11

10

ื ืืœืฆื ื• ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ืืช ื”ืžื”ืœืš. ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ืื™ืชื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขืจืš ืžื•ืกืฃ. ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœืจื•ื— ื˜ื•ื‘ื”, ืœื ื ืชืงืœืชื™ ื‘ืžื•ื“ืœ ืฉื›ื–ื”, ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืชื• ืžืขืจื›ืช ืฉืœืžื” ื—ื•ื‘ืจืช ืœืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื” ืฉืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœื”ืชื ื“ื‘ ื•ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ื’ื ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉืื›ืŸ ื™ืฆืื• ืœื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช. ื›ืฉื–ื” ืขืœื” ืœื—ืœื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ืฉืœ ืงื•ืงื”-ืงื•ืœื”, ื”ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืืžื‘ื™ื•ื•ืœื ื˜ื™ืช. ื ืฉืืœื” ื”ืฉืืœื” ืœืฉื ืžื”? ื•ืžื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขื•ืฉื™ื? ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืจืื™ื ื• ื”ืฆื‘ื™ืขื• ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ืจืื” ื›ื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจ. ืื—ื•ื– ื”ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื ืฉื ืจืฉืžื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ื™ื” ืคื ื•ืžื ืœื™. ืขื™ื“ื•: ืื ืจื’ืข ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœืฆื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื, ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ื’ื ืœื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื WOW Tour ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืขืœ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื. ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืืชื ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืจื’ืข ืžื”ืœืš ืฉืœ ืื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื”, ืื™ื—ื•ื“ ืฉืœ ืฉืžื•ื ื” ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื•ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื™ื. ื”ืื ื”ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืขื–ืจื” ืœืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื•ื”ืื™ื—ื•ื“? ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ืงื™ื™ื ื”ืจืืœ: ืฉื ื™ื. ื”ื”ืคืจื“ื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืขื ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื” ืขืกืงื™ืช ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืขื ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื” ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ืช. ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืฆื•ืจื›ื™ื ืžื“ื™ื”, ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืจืฉืชื•ืช ื•ืœื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืœืžื” ื™ืฉ ืคืขืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื” ืฉืžืชืงืฉืจื™ื ืœืฆืจื›ื ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืขืฆืžื•. , ื”ื™ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื ื• ืœื—ื‘ืจ DNA - ื›ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื ื‘ ืืช ื”ืžื”ืœืš ื‘ืจืžื” ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ืช ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ืช ื’ื ื›ืœืคื™ ืคื ื™ื. ื”ืžื•ืชื’ ืžืฉื“ืจ ืฉื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื–ื” ื›ื™ืฃ ื•ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื’ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœื”ืชื ื“ื‘. ืœื ืจืง ื”ืžื•ืชื’ ื™ืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ื–ื” ื’ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”. ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืฉืขืฉื™ื ื• ื™ื—ื“ ื•ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืคืืŸ ืœืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ืฆืจื• ืžื•ื“ืœ ืžืื•ื“ ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ืžืชืงื“ื. ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื›ื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื•ื ื”ืคื™ื“ื‘ืงื™ื ืžื‘ื ื™ ื”ื ื•ืขืจ. ื™ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืขื ื›ืžื” ืžื”ื ื•ืจืง ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืื•ืชื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ. ืืคืฉืจื ื• ืœื”ื ื˜ืขื™ืžื” ืžืขื•ืœื ื”ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื–ื• ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืื“ื ืœืื—ืจ. ืขื™ื“ื•: ืœืกื™ื•ื, ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืžืฉื—ืง ืžื”ืœืš ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ื•ื’ื™ื•ืก ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื? ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืง ืฉื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืื—ืช ืžืฉืชื™ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช: ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื ืื• ืžื“ืจื™ื›ื™ื/ื—ื•ื ื›ื™ื ื‘ืืจื’ื•ืŸ. ืืœื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืืช ื”ืืงืกื˜ืจื”

ืขืจื›ื™ื•ืช, ื”ืขืจืš ื”ืžื•ืกืฃ, ืฉื›ืฉื”ื ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืืฆื™ืœื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช, ื”ื ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื™ื ืœื’ื™ื™ืก ืขื•ื“ ืขื•ืฆืžื•ืช ื•ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื•ื›ืฉื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืฉื ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื–ื” ืžื™ื™ืฆืจ ืืฆืœื ื’ืื•ื•ื” ืขืžื•ืงื”, ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื›ื ื™ืกื• ืœื—ื‘ืจื” ืขืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช. ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืžื™ื™ืฆืจ ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื, ื’ืื•ื•ื” ื‘ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื•ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื“ื•ืจ ืฆืขื™ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื’ื™ืข ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื”, ื”ื•ื ืžืฆืคื” ืœื›ืš ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช. ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื‘ืžืชืŸ ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคืช ืœืืจื’ื•ืŸ. ื›ืฉื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืœื”ืชื ื“ื‘, ืชืžื™ื“ ืื•ืžืจื™ื: ื•ืื•ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื–ื” ื ื•ืชืŸ ืคืจื•ืคื•ืจืฆื™ื•ืช.

13

12

ืจืื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืขื ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช

ื‘ื ืง ืœืื•ืžื™ ืฉื™ื—ื” ืขื ืงืจืŸ ื˜ืื™ืจื™, ืจืืฉ ืขื ืฃ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ืช ื•ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื”.

ื‘ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜. ืžื” ื”ืชืจื•ืžื” ืœืงื”ื™ืœื” ื•ืžื” ื”ืชืจื•ืžื” ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื”ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ื—ืœืง ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜? ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ืœืื•ืžื™ ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ื•ืชื™ืงื™ื, ืฉืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ืขืœ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจื ืœืขื•ืœืžื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœ, ื”ื™ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืฉื ื™ื, ื”ื•ืกืคื ื• ืœืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช 4 โ€“ ืฉืœ ื”ืืจื’ื•ืŸ. ืœืคื ื™ ื› ื”ื‘ื ืง, ืฉืขืกืงื” ืœืื•ืจืš ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ื— ื•ืงื™ื“ื•ื ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืžื—ืจ, ื’ื ืืช ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ืช ื”ื’ื™ืœ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™. ื‘ืชื•ืš ื›ืš, ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืจื—ื‘ ืฉืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื’ื™ืœ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืœื”ืคื™ื’ ืืช ื‘ื“ื™ื“ื•ืชื, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืขืœ ืจืงืข ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื”, ื•ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืœื”ื ื‘ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืขื•ืœื ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™, ื”ื—ืœ ืžื”ื ื’ืฉืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื”ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืกื ื™ืฃ ื‘ื ืง ื ื™ื™ื“ ืฉืžื’ื™ืข ืœื‘ืชื™ ืื‘ื•ืช ื•ื“ื™ื•ืจ ืžื•ื’ืŸ ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืืจืฅ, ื“ืจืš ื”ื“ืจื›ื•ืช ื‘ื–ื•ื ืขืœ ื›ืœื™ื ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืœื”ื ื‘ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ื ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืงืฉืจ ืขื ื‘ื ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื•ื—ื‘ืจื™ื, ื•ื›ืœื” ื‘ื”ื“ืจื›ื•ืช ืขืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื ืง ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืขืžื•ืชืช ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื”. ืžืฉืžื— ืœืจืื•ืช, ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช, ืื™ืš ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ื–ื• ืœืžื“ื” - ืขืœ ืืฃ ื”ืืชื’ืจื™ื - ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื•ื‘ื›ืœื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื•ืœืžื ืฃ ืื•ืชื ืœืœืžื™ื“ืช ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉื™ื, ื”ื™ื›ืจื•ืช ืขื ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื•ืช ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช, ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจื™ื ื•ื”ื‘ื ืช ื”ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ื ื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ื”ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœ.

ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืœื”ื ืœื—ืฆื•ืช ืืช ื”ื’ืฉืจ ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™. ืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“ ื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื ืชื™ื ื” ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ืื•ืจื— ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื• ืžื–ื“ื”ื™ื ื•ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื™ื” (ืกื‘ื ื•ืกื‘ืชื ืฉืœ ื›ื•ืœื ื•), ืืฉืจ ืžื˜ื‘ืข ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื™ื ื” ื‘ืขืœืช ืื•ืจื™ื™ื ื˜ืฆื™ื” ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ืช ื›ืžื• ืฉืืจ ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื”, ื•ืžืฆื“ ืฉื ื™ ื–ื” ืชื•ืžืš ื‘ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื” ื”ืขืกืงื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืืจื’ื•ืŸ, ืฉื“ื•ื’ืœืช ื‘ืžืขื‘ืจ ื”ื“ืจื’ืชื™ ืฉืœ ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™. โ€ข ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืคื ื™ืžื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืจืชื™ืžื” ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช, ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืžื™ื™ืฆืจ ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช ื•ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืื™ืฉื™ืช ื‘ืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื”ืฉื•ื˜ืคืช. ื–ืืช ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื ืขื ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืกื™ื™ืข, ื›ื“ื•ื’ืžืช ืขืžื•ืชื•ืช ืžืชืžื—ื•ืช, ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื™ื, ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช ื•ื ื•ืชื ื™ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื. โ€ข ื”ืชืžื“ื” ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื•ืื™ืžืคืงื˜ ืœื˜ื•ื•ื— ืืจื•ืš, ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ืชืžื™ื“ ื‘ืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื•ืœื“ื™ื™ืง ืื•ืชื” ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ืชื ื•ืขื”, ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืฉื”ื™ื ืชื”ื™ื” ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ืœื›ืœ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ื•ืชื”ื™ื” ื‘ื”ืœื™ืžื” ืœืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืจื’ื•ืŸ. ื ื—ืฉืคื ื• ืœืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืกื™ื•ืข ืœืงืฉื™ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื ืง ื”ืžืชืงืฉื™ื ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช. ืฉืชืคื™ ืื•ืชื ื•

ื”

ืื ื™ืฉ ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืœืชื—ื•ืฉืช ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืœื‘ื ืง? ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ืื•ืคืŸ ืืช ืจื•ืื” ืื•ืชื•, ื’ื ื‘ื”ืกืชื›ืœื•ืช

ืžืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื”ื‘ื ืง ืœืงื—ื• ื—ืœืง ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืชื™ืช ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ืฉื ื”.

ืจื—ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืœืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ืช? ื”ืื ืœื“ืขืชืš ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืืจื•ื›ืช ื˜ื•ื•ื— ืฉืœ ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ืช ืžืฉืคื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ื–ื ืก? ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ืื•ืคืŸ? ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ืช ืžื™ื™ืฆืจืช ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ื•ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืœืืจื’ื•ืŸ, ื›ืืฉืจ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื”ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื ื•ืคืจื•ืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืื—ื“ ื”ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื”ืžืฉืคื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื”ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช. ืžื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื 50%- ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืžืจืื™ื ืฉืœืžืขืœ ืž ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืฉืคืขื™ืœ ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื”, ืžืฆื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื”ื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื 70%- ื•ืœืžืขืœื” ืž ืžื’ืฉื™ืžื™ื ืขืฆืžื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืชืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ื•ืœืงื—ืช ื—ืœืง ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช ื•ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืืจื’ื•ืŸ. ืžื›ืืŸ, ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื•ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื›ืœืคื™ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื• ื’ื ื‘ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ ืฉืœ ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช. ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืืœื• ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืžืฉื ื” ืชื•ืงืฃ ืืฆืœื ื• 55%- ื‘ืœืื•ืžื™, ื›ืืฉืจ ืขื•ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื›

ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืžืฆืคื™ื ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื•ืช, ื•ืืฃ ื™ื•ื–ืžื™ื ื‘ืขืฆืžื ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืœืžืฉืœ ื‘ืจืžืช ื”ืกื ื™ืฃ. ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืžื™ื™ืฆืจืช ืœื›ื™ื“ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช, ืื›ืคืชื™ื•ืช, ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื•ืžื ื™ืขื” ืืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื›ื•ืœื”. ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ื—ืœืง ื•ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ืžืขื™ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื’ืื•ื•ื”, ืกื™ืคื•ืง ื•ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื•ืœืงื—ืช ื—ืœืง ื‘ืขืฉื™ื™ื”, ื•ืœืฆื“ ื”ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื”ืขืกืงื™ืช ื’ื ืœื”ืชื’ืื•ืช ื‘ืคืŸ ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืืจื’ื•ืŸ. ืจื•ื— ื”ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืคื•ืขืœ ื™ื•ืฆื ืฉืœ ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ืช ื•ื ืฉืขื ืช ืขืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืื‘ื ื™ ื™ืกื•ื“: โ€ข ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ื ื’ื–ืจืช ืžื”ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื” ื”ืขืกืงื™ืช, ืื• ืชื•ืžื›ืช ื‘ื”. ื‘ืœืื•ืžื™, ืœืžืฉืœ, ืืฉืจ ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืืช ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื‘ื ืงืื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื”ืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ื•ืชื™ืงื™ื ื•ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื’ื™ืœ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™, ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืœื•ื•ืช ืื•ืชื ื•ืœื”ืงื ื•ืช ื›ืœื™ื ื•ื™ื“ืข ื‘ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื,

17

16

ืžื’ื“ืœ ืฉื™ื—ื” ืขื ืขื ืช ืขื•ืคืจื™, ืžื ื”ืœืช ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ืช ื‘ืžื’ื“ืœ

ื‘ื™ื•ื–ืžื•ืช ื›ืืœื”. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื›ืš ืœื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืขืกืงื™ืช ื™ืฉ ืืช ืžืจื•ื•ื— ื”ื ืฉื™ืžื” ื’ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื˜ืขื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ื’ื ืœื”ืžืชื™ืŸ ืืช ืคืจืง ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื ื“ืจืฉ ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืคืชื— ืžื™ื–ื ืฉืœ ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช, ืžื” ืฉืœืขืžื•ืชื•ืช ืื™ืŸ. ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื–ื” ื—ื‘ืจื” ืขืกืงื™ืช ื›ืžื” ืชื•ืจืžืช ื›ืกืคื™ืช ื•ื’ื ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœืžื•ืžื—ื™ื ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ื” ืœื”ืชื ื“ื‘ ื‘ืœื™ื•ื•ื™ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™. ืฉื”ื™ื ื• ืžืจื—ื‘ ื™ื–ืžื•ืช 60+ ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”: ืžืจื—ื‘ ื™ื–ืžื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™-ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ืฉืžื’ื“ืœ ืคืชื—ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืขืžื•ืชืช ื•ืขื™ืจื™ื™ืช ื—ื™ืคื”. ื–ื”ื• ืžืจื—ื‘ ื—ื“ืฉื ื™ 2000 ืฆื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ืžื•ื”ื• ื‘ืืจืฅ (ื•ื‘ืขื•ืœื) ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืžื ืฃ ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื’ืžืœืื™ื ืœื™ื–ืžื•ืช ื•ืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื–ื ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™.

ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืคืชื— ืฉื™ื”ืคื›ื• ืืช ื”ื ืชื™ื ื” ืœื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื•ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื•ื”ืืจื’ื•ืŸ.

ื—

ื‘ืจืช ืžื’ื“ืœ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื‘ืข"ืž ืžืชื ื“ื‘ืช ื‘ืœื™ื•ื•ื™ ืžื—ืœืงืช ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืœืขืกืงื™ื ืฉืœ ืขืžื•ืชืช ืจื•ื— ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืกืคืจ ืฉื ื™ื ื•ืžื•ืฆื™ืื” ืœืคื•ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืชื™ื™ื, ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืžื’ื•ื•ื ื™ื. ืžื ื”ืœืช ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ืช ื‘ืžื’ื“ืœ ืขื ืช ืขื•ืคืจื™, ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื‘ืข"ืž ืขื ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื” ืœื ืชื‘ ืืช ื”ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื›ื ืœืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™. ื”ืชืžืงื“ื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ื‘ื”ื ืœื—ื‘ืจื” / ืœืืจื’ื•ืŸ โ€ข ื™ืฉ ืขืจืš ืžื•ืกืฃ ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืฉืงืขื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœืœื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืขืกืงื™ืช ื•ืœืžื•ืžื—ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”, ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื›ืžื• ื‘ืžื’ื“ืœ, ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขื ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข ื•ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืชืžืงื“ ื‘ืžื” ืฉืขื•ืœืžื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘. ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื”ื•ืœื›ื•ืช ืขื ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื“ ื”ืคื ืกื™ื” ื•ืžืœื•ื•ืช ืื•ืชื ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืคื ืกื™ื” ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืงื™ื“ื•ื ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ื•ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ื•ื–ืงื ื™ื ื”ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ืช ื•ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช. ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ื™ืฉื ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ื“ืข ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืฆืจื›ื™ื

ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืœืชืช ืžืขื ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืฆืจื›ื™ื ืืœื•. ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžื ืฃ ื™ื“ืข ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ื”ื˜ืžื•ืŸ ื‘ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืื• ืืฆืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืกื•ื›ื ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืœื•ื•ืช ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ื•ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืคื™ื ื ืกื™.

ืœืคื ื•ืช ืืช ืžืจื›ื– ื”ื‘ืžื” ืœืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื โ€ข

ืื ื™ืฉ ืืชื’ืจ ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ืžืกื•ื™ื ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืขืกืงื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืœื ื”ืžื•ืžื—ื™ืช ืœื›ืš, ืืœื ื”ืขืžื•ืชื•ืช. ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืขืกืงื™ืช ืชื•ืžื›ืช ื•ืฉื•ืชืคื” ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืฉืœื”. best practice- ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื™ื“ืข ื•ื” ืื‘ืœ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ืคื•ืš ื”ื”ื•ื‘ืœื” ืžืชื•ืš ื›ื•ื•ื ื”. ื”ื•ื‘ืœืช ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื“ื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ื•ื™ื–ืžื•ืช โ€ข ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ืœื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืขืกืงื™ื•ืช ื™ืฉ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื“ื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืงื™ื™ื ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ ื–ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืžื•ืš ื‘ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ื•ื™ื•ื–ืžื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช. ื”ืฉื“ื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ืžื•ืœื™ื“ ื™ื•ื–ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ืื‘ืœ ืœืจื•ื‘ ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ืช ื•ืืช ื”ื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืืคื™ืœื• ืœืจืžืช ื”ืคื™ื™ืœื•ื˜. ืœื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืขืกืงื™ืช ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ ื•ืืช ื”ื›ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉ ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืชืžื•ืš

19

18

HP ืื™ื ื“ื™ื’ื• ืฉื™ื—ื” ืขื ืœื•ืื™ื–ื” ืื•ืจืืœ, ืื™ื ื“ื™ื’ื•. HP ืžื ื”ืœืช ืงืฉืจื™ ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื‘ื—ื‘ืจืช

ืขื•ื“ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืฉื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืกืคืจ ืฉื”ื•ืขื ืง ืœื™ืœื“ื™ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ "ืขื™ื“ื•ื“ ืงืจื™ืื”" ื•ืขื•ื“.

ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืืช ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื•ืžืชืจื’ืžื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ ืœืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื›ืžื• "ื“ืคืกื™ื" ืฉืžืขื ื™ืงื” ืžืงืฆื•ืข ืœื ื•ืขืจ ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ืŸ ื•ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœื”ื ืื•ืคืง ืชืขืกื•ืงืชื™, ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืœืžืฆื•ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ืขื•ื“. ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžืžื•ื ื™ื ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืืชืจ ืื• ืžื—ืœืงื”? ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžืชื•ื’ืžืœื™ื ืื ื‘ื›ืœืœ? ืืชืจื™ื ืฉืขื•ืฉื™ื 2- ื—ื‘ืจื™ ืฆื•ื•ืช ื‘ 30- ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื› ืืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื ื‘ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืžืœืื” ื•ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืงืฉืจื™ ืงื”ื™ืœื”. ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื ื‘ื—ืจื™ื ื”ื ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืชืฉื•ืงื” ืœืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื˜ื•ื‘, ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ ื“ืขื” ื•ื ืฆื™ื’ื™ื ืžืžื—ืœืงื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช. ืžื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืœืชื—ื•ื. 100% ื–ืืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ืฉื•ืฃ

ืก

ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœืœื™ HP- ืกืคืจื™ ืขืœ ื”ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ ื•ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ืช; ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืžืฉืชืœื‘ืช ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืืจื’ื•ืŸ?

ืคืจื™ ืงืฆืช ืขืœ ืขืฆืžืš, ืื™ืš ื”ื’ืขืช ืœืชืคืงื™ื“ ื•ืžื” ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฉืืช ืจื•ืื” ื‘ื•?

ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ืžืงื‘ืœ ื”ื›ืฉืจื” ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช, ื™ืžื™ ืฆื•ื•ืช ื•ื”ื•ืงืจื” ื‘ืื•ืคื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื.

ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืขื ืืชื’ืจ ื’ื™ื•ืก ื”ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื?

ืื™ื ื“ื™ื’ื•, HP ืœื•ืื™ื–ื” ืื•ืจืืœ, ืžื ื”ืœืช ืงืฉืจื™ ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืฉื ื”. 11- ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ื‘ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืœืžืขืœื” ืž

ืืฆื˜ื˜ ืžืฉืคื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื ื›"ืœ ืฉืœื ื•, ื—ื™ื™ื ืœื•ื™ื˜:

ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื™ืจื™ื“ ื’ื™ื•ืก ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื ืฉืžืชืงื™ื™ื ืคืขื ื‘ืฉื ื” ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืฉื ืช ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ืฉืคื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ืžื’ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืžืชืื™ืžื•ืช ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“: ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื—ื“ ืคืขืžื™ืช, ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืžื—ืœืงืชื™ืช, ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืงื‘ื•ืขื” ื•ืžื•ืชืืžืช ืœืžืฉืžืจื•ืช ืื• ืœืฉืขื•ืช ื”ืขืจื‘. ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื 11- ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื ื” ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœ ื—ื“ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ื•ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื—ื’ื™ื ืฉืžืื•ืžืฆื™ื ืข"ื™ ืžื—ืœืงื” ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžืช ื‘ืžืคืขืœ. ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื•ืฆื™ืื™ื ื’ื ืงื•ืœ ืงื•ืจื ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื™ ืœืื•ืชื• ื”ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš. ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื ื”ืœื” ื•ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžื—ืœืงื” ื”ื ืฆื™ื’ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื—ื•ืฉืคืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ืžื–ืžื™ื ื” ืœื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ. ื”ื’ื™ื•ืก ื ืขืฉื” ื’ื ื“ืจืš ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœื ื•, ืฆื•ื•ืช ืงืฉืจื™ ืงื”ื™ืœื”. ื’ื "ื—ื‘ืจ ืžื‘ื™ื ื—ื‘ืจ" ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช 2-3 ืืฆืœื ื•, ื•ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื ื” ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืœืฆืจืฃ ืืช ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื•ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช.

"ืชืจื•ืžื” ืœืงื”ื™ืœื” ื”ื™ื ื—ืœืง ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืคืจื“ ื”ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ ืฉืœื ื•, ืื—ืช ืžืื‘ื ื™ ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ DNA- ืžื” ืื™ื ื“ื™ื’ื•. ืื ื—ื ื• ื“ื•ื’ืœื™ื ื•ืžืขื•ื“ื“ื™ื HP ืฉืœ ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ื•ื•ืช ื’ืฉืจ ืงื”ื™ืœืชื™ ืœืžืขืŸ ืขืชื™ื“ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื›ื•ืœื ื•." ื”ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ืื™ื ื“ื™ื’ื• ื ื•ืชื ืช ืœื”ื ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ืœืง ืžื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืžืฉืคื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื•ืœืงื—ืช ื—ืœืง ืคืขื™ืœ ื‘ื–ื”. ื”ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืžืขื ื™ืงื” ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื›ืœื™ื ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ืงืจื™ื™ืจื” ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืชื; ื›ืžื• ืœื™ื•ื•ื™ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื, ื”ื ื—ื™ื” ืžื•ืœ ื›ื™ืชื”, ืžื ื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื’ ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ ื•ืขื•ื“. ื”ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื’ื ืœื”ื’ืฉื™ื ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืช - ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืฉืขื‘ื“ ื‘ืฆื•ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื“ื•ืจ ื‘ืฆืขื™ืจื•ืชื• ื•ืจืฆื” ืœืคืชื•ื— ื—ื•ื’ ื“ืจืžื” ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืžืขื•ื˜ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื•ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืชื• ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื ื”ื™ื ื• ืžื—ื•ื’ ื“ืจืžื” ื•ื‘ื ื• ืชื›ื ื™ื ืžืฉืœื”ื 20 ืฉื”ื•ืขืœื• ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ืœื”ืฆื’ื” ืฉืจืฆื” ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ,

ื”ื’ืขืชื™ ืœืชืคืงื™ื“ ืขื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืกืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืง ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™, ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœื”ืชื ื“ื‘ ื‘ื›ืžื” ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ื•ืื– ื”ื’ืขืชื™ ืœื—ื‘ืจืช 19 ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ื”ื™ื™ื˜ืง ื•ืฉื ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืžื—ืœืงืช ืžืฉืื‘ื™ ืื ื•ืฉ ื”ืงืžืชื™ ืืช ื”ืžื—ืœืงื” ืœืงืฉืจื™ ืงื”ื™ืœื”. ืžืฉื ื”ืชืงื“ืžืชื™ ืœืืจื’ื•ืŸ "ืœืชืช" ื›ืžื ื”ืœืช ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ "ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืœื—ื™ื™ื" ื•ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืคืขืœืชื™ ืžื•ืœ ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ื ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ื—ื•ืง ืขื ืขืžื•ืชืช "ื™ื“ื™ื“" ื•"ื ืฉื™ื ืขื•ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœื•ื". ื‘ืขืฉื•ืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืื ื™ ืžืฉืœื‘ืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื™ ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ ื›ืžื ื”ืœืช ืงืฉืจื™ ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื•ื›ืžื™ื™ืขืฆืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืฉืœ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ืช ื•ืžืจืฆื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉื. ืื ื™ ืจื•ืื” ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื–ื” ืืช ื”ื™ืขื•ื“ ืฉืœื™ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื. ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ื ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืื ืืช ืžื•ื›ื ื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ืœืœื ืฉื›ืจ ืื– ืืช ื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ. ืื ื™ ืœื ืจื•ืื” ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืฉืœื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ืืœื ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืช.

21

20

ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืฉืœืžื” , ืžื ื›"ืœ ื—ื˜ื™ื‘ืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื - ืื™ื™ืœื•ืŸ ื”ืจื•ืฉ ืจืื™ื•ืŸ ืขื ืฉื ื™ื 23 ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืฉืœืžื”. ืื™ืœื•ืŸ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืžืขืœ ืœ ื•ื‘ืฆืข ืฉื•ืจื” ืืจื•ื›ื” ืฉืœ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช.

ืจื•ื— ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืชื—ื“ื“ื• ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื›ื–ื”.

ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”. ืจืื™ื ื• ืฉื‘ืขืฆื ืื ื—ื ื• ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืฉื–ื” ืฉืœื•. DNA- ื‘

ืกืคืจื• ืขืœ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืฉืงืช ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช

ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ื“ืจืš, ื ืคื’ืฉื ื• ืขื ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืœื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื. ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื™ื” ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ ืžืŸ ื”ืกืชื ื•ืื– ืื—ื“ ืžื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืฉืืœ ืœืžื” ืจืง ืขื ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื? ื•ื”ืฆื™ืข ืฉื ืคื ื” ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ื’ื ืœืืจื’ื•ืŸ "ื™ื“ื™ื“ื™ื". ื”ืชืœื”ื‘ื ื• ืžื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื—ืœื˜ื ื• ืฉื ืฉืžื— ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื’ื ืื™ืชื. ื—ื‘ืจ ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื ื•ืกืฃ ืืžืจ ืฉื™ืฉืžื— ืœื”ืชื ื“ื‘ ื’ื ืขื ืงืฉื™ืฉื™ื, ื•ืžืื•ืชื• ื”ืจื’ืข ืฉื”ื‘ื ื• ืฉื™ืฉ ืื™ืŸ ืกื•ืฃ ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช. ื›ืืŸ ืขืœื” ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉื™ื•ื“ืข ืœื ื”ืœ ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื”. ื”ื’ืขื ื• ืœืขืžื•ืชืช "ืจื•ื— ื˜ื•ื‘ื”" ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ืชื•ื•ื“ื•ืช ื•ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ืคื’ื™ืฉื” ืืชื›ื ืžืžืฉ ื”ืชืจื’ืฉื ื•. ื”ืจื’ืฉื ื• ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื—ื‘ืง ืืชื›ื. ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืฉืœืžื” ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืืช ืžืœืื›ืชื” ื‘ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื. ืื‘ืœ ืขืžื•ืชืช ืจื•ื— ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืื” ืขื ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ื. ืืช ื—ื•ื‘ืจืช ื”ื”ืคืขืœื” ื•ืฉื”ื‘ืืชื ืœื ื• ื›ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื”ืจืื™ื ื• ืœื•ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื”ื™ื’ื•ื™ ื•ืื– ื”ืชืงื‘ืœื” ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืขืœ ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืœื“ืจืš. ืœื ืคื—ื“ื ื• ืžื”ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืฉื ืชื™ืช ื›ื™ ื™ื“ืขื ื• ืฉื–ื” ื™ืชื ื”ืœ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื ื›ื•ื ื”. ืจืฆื™ื ื• ืฉืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื”ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื™ื”ื™ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ืจื—ื‘ ื•ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื ื›ื ืกื ื• ืœื–ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื”ื‘ื ื• ืืช ื”ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืœื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื’ื ืœืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื• ืขืฆืžื•. ื›ืฉื”ื›ืจื ื• ืžืงืจื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืขื

ืง

ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืžืฉื”ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืจืฆื™ื ื•ืช. ืขื‘ืจื ื• ืžืกืข ืžืฉืœื‘ ื”ื›ื ื™ืกื” ื•ืขื“ ืœื”ืฉืงืช ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช. ื›ืืžื•ืจ, ื”ืงืžื ื• ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื™ื’ื•ื™ ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ืฆืื ื• ืœื“ืจืš ืขื ืœื•ื’ื• ืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช "ืฉืœืžื” ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื”". ื ืคื’ืฉื ื• ืขื ืžื—ืœืงืช ื”ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ืฉืœ ืจื•ื— ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืฉื ืชื ื” ืœื ื• ืžืกืคืจ ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ืกืคืจ ื”ื“ืจื›ื” - ื—ื•ื‘ืจืช ื”ืคืขืœื” - ื•ื”ื—ืœื˜ื ื• ืœื™ื™ืฉื ื›ืžืขื˜ ืืช ื›ื•ืœื.

ื‘ื•ืฆืช ืฉืœืžื” ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœืฆืืช ืขื ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื ืชื™ืช ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืขืฉืจื” ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื”. ืžื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืชืขื ื™ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื•ืœื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืœืฆืืช ืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื‘ืกื“ืจ ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื›ื–ื”? ืœืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉืœื ื• ื™ืฉ ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ. ืžื™ื™ืกื“ ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื”, ืฉืœืžื” ืฉืžืœืฆืจ ื–"ืœ, ืฉื”ืœืš ืœืขื•ืœืžื• ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื ืจื›ืฉ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืงืจื™ื™ืจื” ืฉืœื•, ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉืื•ืชืŸ ื ื”ื’ ืœื˜ืคื—. ื ื•ื”ื’ ืœื ืจื’ื™ืœ ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืขืกืงื™ ืœืขื•ืžืช ืื ืฉื™ ืขืกืงื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉืจื›ืฉื• ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืคื™ืจื•ืง. ืœืื•ืจืš ื›ืœ ื“ืจื›ื• ืจืื” ืฉืœืžื” ื‘ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืืช ื”ื ื›ืก ื”ื›ื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘, ื•ื–ืืช ื’ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžื•ืจืฉืชื•. ืื ื—ื ื• ื›ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ ื“ืจื›ื• ื—ืฉื ื• ืฆื•ืจืš ืขื– ืœืชืช ืžืขืฆืžื ื• ื•ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืืช ื“ืจื›ื• ืฉืœ ืฉืœืžื”. ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืฉืœืžื” ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืœืฉืœื‘ ื‘ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื” ื”ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœื”, ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืคื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืชืื’ื™ื“ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ืžืจื•ื•ื™ื—. ื›ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืื•ืคืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื• ื”ื‘ืขืœื™ื ื•ื”ื”ื ื”ืœื” ืœื”ื ืฆื™ื— ืืช ืฉืœืžื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืจืฉืช ืฉืœื•, ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื‘ื ื”

ืฉืืคืฉืจ ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืœืงื”ื™ืœื” ื•ืœืชืช ื“ื•ื’ืžื ืื™ืฉื™ืช. ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืฉืœืžื” ืชืžื™ื“ ืชืจืžื” ื”ืžื•ืŸ, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืชื—ืช ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื“ืจืช, ื•ื‘ืืžืช ืจืฆื™ื ื• ืœื™ื™ืฉื ืืช ืขืจืš ื”ื ืชื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ืฉืœืžื” ื•ืืช ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื”ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืฉื”ื ื—ื™ืœ ืœื ื•. ืžื›ืืŸ ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืœื”ืขื ื™ืง ืžื”ื”ื•ืŸ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื”, ื•ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืžืื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•. ืกืคืจื• ืขืœ ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉืขื‘ืจืชื ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœืชื ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืขืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื ืชื™ืช ื›ืชืื’ื™ื“ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ืžืกื•ื“ืจ ื”ื™ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื ื• ืœืขืจื•ืš ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืžืื•ืจื’ืŸ, ืจืฆื™ื ื™ ื•ืžื“ื•ื™ืง. ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื ื• ืœื ื•ืฉื ื‘ื›ื•ื‘ื“ ืจืืฉ ื›ืืœ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืขืกืง ืœื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ. ืงื‘ืขื ื• ื•ืขื“ื” ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืืช ืžื ื”ืœ ืžืฉืื‘ื™ ื”ืื ื•ืฉ, ืžื ื”ืœืช ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื”, ื—ืฉื‘ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”, ืกืžื ื›"ืœ ื”ืคืจืกื•ื ื•ื”ื›ื ื• ืชื™ืง ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืขื ื’ืื ื˜ ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืœื“ืจืš. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืฉืœื—ื ื• ืกืงืจ ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื•ืจืื™ื ื• ืฉืงื™ื™ืžืช ื”ื™ืขื ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื”. ื›ื•ื•ื ื• ืžื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื 90% ื•ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืขื ื• 40-50% ืœื™ืขื“ ืฉืœ ืฉื”ื ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืœืฆืืช ืœื”ืชื ื“ื‘ ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืื—ืจื™

ืœื•ื’ื• ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืดืฉืœืžื” ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื”ืด.

23

22

ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”, ื”ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ื“ื•ื’ืžื ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื”ื ื”ืœื” ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœ ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื ืœื”ื‘ื•ืช. ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืœืื—ืจ ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ืฆืื” ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ื•ื›ืš ื”ืœืื”: ืื—ืจื™ ื›ืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืžื•ืคืฅ ืžื™ื™ืœ ืื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœ ืื™ื™ืœื•ืŸ ืขื ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื•ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืขืœ ืงื™ืจ ื”ื ืฆื—ื” ืฉืขืฉื™ื ื• ืžืกื•ืžืŸ ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื• ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื ื•. ืื—ืช ืœื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืžืชื›ื ืกืช ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื“ื•ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืฉื ืชื™ืช. ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืืœื™ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœื”ืชื ื“ื‘, ืื ื—ื ื• ืชื•ืœื™ื ืฉืœื˜ ืฉืœ "ืฉืœืžื” ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื”" ื•ืžืฉืชื“ืœื™ื ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืืช ื”ืงืฉืจ ืขื ื”ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื• ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื ื•. ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื‘ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช ืื• ื‘ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืงื‘ื•ืขื”. ื”ืื ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ืœืคื™ ื”ืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื? ื”ืŸ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ืช ื•ื”ืŸ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืฉื™ื•ื•ืงื™ืช? ืขื•ืžื“ื•ืช ื•ืืฃ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื–ื”. ื™ืฉ ื”ื™ืขื ื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืื– ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื’ื“ืœื ื• ืืช ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืคืจ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ. ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืง ืฉืœ ืจื•ื— ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืžืขื ื™ืง ืœื ื• ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื•ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืขื•ื“. ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื—ืกืจ ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืื‘ืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ืขืžื•ืชื” ืžืœื•ื•ื” ื•ื“ื•ื—ืคืช ืื•ืชื ื•, ืขื•ืฉื” ืœื ื• ืกื“ืจ. ื ืขืฉืชื” ืคื” ื”ื˜ืžืขื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื›ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืฉื’ืจื”. ื™ืฆืจื ื• ืžืจืงื ืื—ื“, ืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช ืื—ืช, ืขื ืขืฉื™ื™ื” ืื—ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื”.

ืื’ืฃ ืœื•ื’ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื” ื—ื–ืจ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ื™ื ืžื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืžื—ืกืŸ ืกื—"ื™ ืœื•ื“, ื”ื ื ื”ื ื• ื’ื ืžื”ืชืจื•ืžื” ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ืช ืฉืœื”ื ื•ื’ื ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉื• ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื ื™ื•ื ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื•ืื ื™ ืžืฆื˜ื˜ "ื—ื‘ืœ ืขืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ". ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืชื ื• ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืจื‘ ืฉื ืชื™ืช ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ืžืจื•ื•ื™ื—ื™ื ื‘ื”.

ืžื” ื”ืœืื” ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืชื›ื?

ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืชื ื• ืื ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื”ื–ื” ื™ื™ืฉืืจ ืœืชืžื™ื“ ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืฉืœืžื” - ืื ื—ื ื• ืืช ืฉืœื ื• ืขืฉื™ื ื•. ื–ื” ืœื ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืฉื ืชื™, ื–ื• ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืช. ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•, ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืขืœื™ื ืฉืœื ื•, ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื ื”ืœื” ืฉืœื ื• ื•ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•. ื›ื›ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื–ื”. ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื›ืืœื• ื•ืื—ืจื™ื ืื‘ืœ ื–ืืช ื‘ืืžืช ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืœื—ื™ื™ื. ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื ื”ืœ ื›ื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืงืฉื” ื•ืื™ื ื˜ื ืกื™ื‘ื™ืช ืื‘ืœ ื›ื–ื• ืฉื ื•ืชื ืช ืกื™ืคื•ืง ื•ืื•ืจ.

ืขื ืœื•ื’ื• ื”ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ื•ืจื•ื— ื˜ื•ื‘ื”, ืงื™ืฉื˜ื ื• ื‘ื–ืจื™ ื‘ืœื•ื ื™ื ืขื ืงื™ื™ื ืืจื’ื ื• ืืจื•ื—ืช ื‘ื•ืงืจ ืงืœื™ืœื” ื•ืจืชืžื ื• ืืช ื”ื‘ืขืœื™ื ื•ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื”ื ื”ืœื” ื”ื‘ื›ื™ืจื”. ืขืชืœื™ื” ืฉืžืœืฆืจ ื ืฉื™ืืช ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื”, ืขื“ื›ื ื” ืฉื›ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืฉืงืช ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืฉืœืžื” ืžืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ ืœื”ืงืžืช 2 ืชืจืžื” ืกื›ื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื•ื™ืจื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ, ื‘ื‘ื™ื”"ื— ืืกืฃ ื”ืจื•ืคื ืขืœ ืฉื ืฉืœืžื” ืฉืžืœืฆืจ ื–"ืœ. ืืกื™ ืฉืžืœืฆืจ, ื™ื•"ืจ ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื”, ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืืช ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืชืจื•ืžื” ื•ื”ื”ืขื ืงื” ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืงื”ื™ืœื” ืื™ื™ืœื•ืŸ ื ืฉื ืžืกืคืจ ืžื™ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื•ืžืฉื ื›ืœ ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื”ื ื”ืœื” ื”ื‘ื›ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืฉืœืžื” ื™ืฆืื• ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืžื•ืชื’ื•ืช ืฉืœ "ืฉืœืžื” ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื”" ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” โ€“ ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืฆื‘ื™ืขื” ื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื›ื•ื ื ื™ื•ืช ืœืื—ืกื•ืŸ ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ืกื—"ื™ ืื•ืจ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”. ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื”ืฉืงื” ื”ื•ืคืฅ ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืœื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขื ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืžื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืกื—"ื™ ืื•ืจ

ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื”ืฉืงื” ื”ืจืฉืžื™ืช, ืฉืœื—ื ื• 3-4 ืžื™ื™ืœ ื›ืœืœื™ ื”ืžื›ืจื™ื– ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืฉืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื ืฆื ืœื“ืจืš ืขื ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื ืชื™ืช.

ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื”ืฉืงื”, ื ืฉืœื— ืžื™ื™ืœ ืขื ืชืืจื™ืš ื”ืฉืงืช ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืžื•ืขื“ ื”ื”ืฉืงื” ื‘ืžื˜ื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” "ืงืจื™ื™ืช ืฉืœืžื”" ื‘ืฆืจื™ืคื™ืŸ. ื”ืขืœื™ื ื• ืฉื•ืžืจื™ ืžืกืš ืœืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ื•ืœื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื›ืจื™ื–ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืฉืงืช ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื•ื—ื™ืœืงื ื• ื—ื•ืœืฆื•ืช ืฉืœ "ืฉืœืžื” ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื”" ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ื—ืœื˜ื ื• ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ ื”ื”ืฉืงื” ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืฉื™ ืกื ื™ืคื™ื 150 - ืงื˜ืŸ ืฉื™ื—ื•ืœืง ืœื›ืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื•ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืืจืฅ. ื”ื‘ื ื• ืฉื”ืฉื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงืฉื•ืจ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื™ื ืœ"ืฉืœืžื” ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื”", ืื– ื›ืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืกืคืœ ืžื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช, ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืฆืžืฆื ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื›ืœื™ื ื”ื—ื“ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื 50% (ืžื”ืœืš ืฉื”ืฆืœื™ื—- ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื–ืžื™ื ื™ื ืžืื– ืคื—ื•ืช ื—ื“ ืคืขืžื™) ื”ื›ื•ืกื•ืช ื ืืจื–ื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืขืžื•ืชืช "ืขืœื’ื‘ืข" (ืžืจื›ื– ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉื™ืงื•ืžื™ ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ืฆืจื›ื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื) ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื™ื‘ืฉื™ื ื•ื›ืจื˜ื™ืกื™ ื’ื™ืจื•ื“ ืขื ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ืœืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืคืชืงื™ื ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืฉืงืช ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื•ืžื˜ืจืช ื”ืฉื™. ืœื”ืฉืงื” ื”ื•ื–ืžื ื• ื›ืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ืงืจื™ื™ืช ืฉืœืžื” ื‘ืฆืจื™ืคื™ืŸ. ื›ื•ืœื ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืขื ื—ื•ืœืฆื•ืช ืžืžื•ืชื’ื•ืช. ืžื™ืชื’ื ื• ืืช ื”ืœื•ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื ืง ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืžื˜ื”

ืงื—ื™ ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื’ื ืœืฆื“ "ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ื”ืืจื’ื•ื ื™" -

25

24

, ืฉื™ื—ื” ืขื ืขื•ืคืจ ืกืžื• ืžื ื”ืœ ืžืขืจืš ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื ืง ื”ืคื•ืขืœื™ื.

ื‘ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ืฉื™ืงื•ืžื™ื™ื, ืืจื™ื–ื•ืช ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื•ืขื•ื“.

ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื ื’ื ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื—ืœื•ืงืช ืืจื’ื–ื™ ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื ื™ืฆื•ืœื™ ืฉื•ืื” 5,000- ื‘ืคืกื— ื•ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื› ื•ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ืžืฆื•ืงื”, ืื™ืกื•ืฃ ื•ื—ืœื•ืงืช ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื โ€“ ื™ืœืงื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื‘ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ )2021 ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ื™ืœืงื•ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืฉื ืช 800- (ื› ื•ื‘ื—ื ื•ื›ื” - ืกืคืจื™ ืงืจื™ืื” ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ื ื•ืขืจ (ืžืขืœ .)2021 ืกืคืจื™ ืงืจื™ืื” ื ืืกืคื• ืขื‘ื•ืจื ื‘ืฉื ืช 1,100 ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ 'ื ื•ืขืจ ืงื™ืฅ', ืžืฉืœื‘ ื™ืœื“ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืžืื•ืจื’ื ืช, ื‘ืžืื•ืช ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืืจืฅ, ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ื”ืงื™ืฅ. ืื™ืš ื”ื›ืœ ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ? ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฉื ื™ื, ื‘ื ื™ ื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื 9- ื”ื•ืขืกืงื• ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื—ื•ืคืฉืช ื”ืงื™ืฅ ื‘ืฉื›ืจ. ืœืคื ื™ ื› ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื•ื—ืœื˜ ืฉื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืกื™ื•ืข ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ื‘ื ืง, ื™ื•ืกื™ืคื• ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื ื•ืขืจ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืฉื›ืจ, ืืš ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื ืชื•ืคื ื” ืืœ ืขืžื•ืชื•ืช ื•ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ื”ืงื™ืฅ. ื›ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืžื•ืขื“ โ€“ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืจื•ืฉืžื™ื ืืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื”ื ืœืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืขื™ื 15-18 ื‘ื’ื™ืœืื™ ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช 300 - ืœื”ื - ืจืฉื™ืžื” ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช ื› ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืืจืฅ. ืื•ืคื™ ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ โ€“ ื”ื—ืœ ื‘ืžืฉื—ืง ื•ื”ืคืขืœื” ืฉืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ื’ื ื™ื ืœื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืžื™ื•ื—ื“, ืžืฉื—ืง ื•ื”ืคืขืœื” ืขื ืงืฉื™ืฉื™ื ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ืื‘ื•ืช, ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืœืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ืงื™ื™ื˜ื ื•ืช, ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช, ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื ื•ืขืจ 5 ื‘ื‘ืข"ื— ื•ืขื•ื“. ื‘ืžื”ืœืš

ื—ื•ื•ื™ื ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืขืจื›ื™ืช ื•ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืฉื›ืจ ืขืœ ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื”. ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื–ื• ืžื—ื‘ืจืช ืืช 'ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื”ืžืฉืš', ื™ืœื“ื™ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื, ืขื ืžืงื•ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืžื—ื–ืงืช ืืช ื”ื’ืื•ื•ื” ื•ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื”ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ , ืœืžืจื•ืช ืื™ืœื•ืฆื™ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” 2021 ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื. ื‘ืงื™ืฅ ื•ืกื’ื™ืจืช ื—ืœืง ืžืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“ื™ื, ืืชืจื™ื 250 - ื‘ื ื™ ื ื•ืขืจ ื‘ 1,100 - ื”ืฉืชืชืคื• ืžืขืœ ืœ ืžืฉืชืชืคื™ื 2022 ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ื‘ืงื™ืฅ ื‘ื ื™ ื ื•ืขืจ! 1,200 - ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืžืขืœ ืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื—ืœืง ืžืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืฉื•ื˜ืคื•ืช ื•ืžื“ื•ื•ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช 'ื“ื•"ื— ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ืช'. ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉื ืขืฉื•ืช ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืฉืขื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ื•ื›ื•ืช ืœืชืžื™ื›ื” ืžืื•ืจื’ื ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืœื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื, ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืกื™ื•ืข ื‘ืืžืฆืขื™ื ื›ืกืคื™ื™ื ืื• ืื—ืจื™ื, ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฆื™ื•ื“ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื, ืจื™ื”ื•ื˜ ื•ื›ื™ื•ืฆื ื‘ื–ื” ื•ื›ืŸ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืกื™ื•ืข ื‘ืื™ืชื•ืจ ื•ื’ื™ื•ืก ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืคื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืชืงื‘ืœื•ืช ืžืขืžื•ืชื•ืช ืขืค"ื™ ืฆืจื›ื™ ื”ืฉืขื”. ืžื” ืฉืžื ื—ื” ื•ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืื•ืชื ื• ื”ื•ื ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืœื”ืจื‘ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘- ืœืžืกืคืจ ืžื•ื˜ื‘ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื›ื›ืœ ื”ืืคืฉืจ, ืœืฉืœื‘ ื‘ืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื›ื›ืœ ื”ืืคืฉืจ, ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืืช ืขื•ืฆืžืช ื”ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื‘ืชืจื•ืžืชื• ืœืงื”ื™ืœื” ืœื”ืฉื’ืช ืžืงืกื™ืžื•ื ืื™ืžืคืงื˜.

ื‘

ืดืงื™ื‘ืœืชื™ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื™ ืœื ื”ืœ ืืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืœื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ื‘ื ืง ื”ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืขืจื›ืชื ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื”ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื”ืชื ื“ื‘ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ 4,300- ื› ืฉื•ื˜ืฃ, ืขืœ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื–ืžื ื ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ื•ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื‘ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื• 2021 ืจื—ื‘ ืฉืœ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ืืด. ื‘ืฉื ืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช 4,300 ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืžืขืœ ืžื•ื˜ื‘ื™ื ืงื™ื‘ืœื• 100,000 ื”ืฉื ืชื™ืช ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืขืœ ืกื™ื•ืข ื™ืฉื™ืจ ืื• ืขืงื™ืฃ ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช. ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืžืฉืชืœื‘ืช ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ืช? ืœื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืœื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ืฉ ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉื ืชื™ืช ื•ื‘ื” ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืื•ืจื’ื ื•ืช ืœื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ 40,000- ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื”ื‘ื ืง, ืœืžืฉืœ: ื—ืœื•ืงื” ืฉืœ ื› ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉื™ ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ืœืงืฉื™ืฉื™ื ื‘ื—ื’ื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ื“ืชื•ืช; ื—ื’ ื”ืคื•ืจื™ื, ื—ื’ ื”ืงื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื•ื—ื’ ื”ืžื•ืœื“. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ืฉืœ ืืœืคื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘-ืณื™ื•ื ืงื™ื™ืžื ื• ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืฉืœื 2022 ืžืขืฉื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ืืณ (ื‘ืฉื ืช 3,150 ืฉืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื‘ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื), ื‘ื”ืคืขืœื•ืช ื•ืžืฉื—ืง ืขื ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ืขื ืฆืจื›ื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื, ื”ืงืžืช ื’ื™ื ื•ืช ืงื”ื™ืœืชื™ื•ืช

ืื’ืฃ ื”ื‘ื ืงืื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื ืง ื”ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื‘ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืขื•ืจืจืช ื”ืฉืจืื” ื”ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ืŸ

ื”ืขืกืงื™-ืœื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ื•ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืชื• ื ื›ืœืœื™ื ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื›ื’ื•ืŸ: 'ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื”' - ื”ืื—ืจืื™ื ืขืœ ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช ื•ื—ืกื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ืขืœ ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืขื ืขืžื•ืชื•ืช ื•ื—ืœ"ืฆ ื•ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ืœืจื•ื•ื—ืช ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื”, ื”ืžืจื›ื– ืœืฆืžื™ื—ื” ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ืช ืฉืื—ืจืื™ ืขืœ ื”ื ื—ืœืช ื™ื“ืข ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื™ื“ืข ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ ื—ื™ื ืžื™ ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืจื—ื‘, ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืœื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื•ืœืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืžื’ื–ืจื™ ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ื•ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ื›ืžื• ื’ื ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืขื ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช ื•ืจื’ื•ืœื˜ื•ืจื™ื.

ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ืืœื” - ืคื•ืขืœืช ื’ื ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืœื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื.

27- ืฉื ื™ื ืžื”ืŸ ื› 32 ืขื•ืคืจ ืกืžื•, ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื”ื‘ื ืง ืžื–ื” ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ืžืขืจืš ื”ืกื™ื ื•ืฃ ื‘ื—ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ื”ืงืžืขื•ื ืื™ืช ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืœืฉื ื•ืช 4- ืกื ื™ืคื™ื). ืœืคื ื™ ื› 6 (ื ื™ื”ืœ ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ื•ื—ื™ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขืกืงื™ ืœื—ื‘ืจืชื™, ื›ืฉืขื‘ืจ ืœื ื”ืœ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ืขืกืงื™ืช: ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืกื•ืœืืจื™ืช, ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืกื™ื•ืข ื•ืœื™ื•ื•ื™ ืœืขืกืงื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื•ื›ื™ื•"ื‘.

27

26

ื ืื™ื ื˜ืœ ืฉื™ื—ื” ืขื ื˜ืœ ืขื–ืจื-ืฉืžืจ, ืžื ื”ืœืช ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ืื™ื ื˜ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืื™ื ื˜ืœ ืžืžื ืคืช ืืช ื”ืื”ื‘ื•ืช, ื”ืขืจื›ื™ื ื•ื”ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”.

ืขืœ ื”ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื’ื ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ืžืืชื’ืจืช ื›ื–ื• ื•ืžื•ืฆืืช ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœืงื™ื™ื ืื•ืชื”, ื”ืขืจื™ื›ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืชืžื™ื“ ืืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉื”ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ื” ื•ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืชืจื•ืžื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืœืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื. ืคืขืœื ื• ืจื‘ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื’ื ื›ืฉื”ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื ืขืฉืชื” ืžื”ื‘ื™ืช, ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื”ื ืืช ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืฉืœื”ื ื’ื ื“ืจืš ื”ืžืกืš. ื”ื™ื• ืจื’ืขื™ื ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉื—ืฉื ื• ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืžืฆืื ื• Virtual volunteer fatigue ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืื•ืชื”, ืœืชืช ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืœื—ื•ืฉ ืืช ื”ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืœืืคืฉืจ ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืคื™ื–ื™ืช ืฉืžื’ื™ืขื” ืืœื™ื”ื ืขื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช, ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื ืœื”ืชื ื“ื‘ ื‘ืงืžืคื•ืก, ืœืชืงืฉืจ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื‘ืจื™ื“ื™ืช ื›ืš ืฉื”ื ื‘ืืžืช ื™ื›ื™ืจื• ืืช ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ื–ื•. ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ืจื™ื“ ื”ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืชื‘ ื”ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ ืฉืœื ื• ื”ืคืš ืœื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™. ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืขื ื”ื™ื“ ืขืœ ื”ื“ื•ืคืง ื•ืื ื™ ืฉืžื—ื” ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ืฆืœื—ื ื•! ืฉืขื•ืช 55,000 ืžืขื•ื‘ื“ื ื• ืชืจืžื• 3,50 0 ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื–ืืช, ืื ื™ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ืžื• ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืคื ื™ื ืืœ ืคื ื™ื - ืขื•ืฆืžืช ื”ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ืžืฉืชื ื”, ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืžืชื’ื‘ืจืช, ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืื™ืŸ ื›ืžื• ื”ืžื’ืข ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™. ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืžื•ืชืืžื•ืช ืœืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืฉืชืืžืฆื• ืœื”ืžืฉืš? ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืฉื™ื ืชื” ืืช ืขื•ืœื ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™. ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืžื”ื‘ื™ืช, ืื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื™ื‘ืจื™ื“ื™, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ื ื” ืฉืžื™ืœืช ื”ืžืคืชื— ื›ืืŸ ื”ื™ื ื”ืชืืžื” ืื™ืฉื™ืช. ืชืื•ืจื™ื™ืช "ื”ื–ื ื‘ ื”ืืจื•ืš" ืฉืœ ื›ืจื™ืก ืื ื“ืจืกื•ืŸ ืžื—ื–ืงืช ืืช ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืชืŸ ื—ื•ืคืฉ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื”, ืžื™ ืฉื™ืืคืฉืจ ื—ื•ืคืฉ ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื™ืฆืœื™ื— ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื™ ืฉื™ืกืชืคืง ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ืžืฆื•ืžืฆื ืฉืœ ืœื”ื™ื˜ื™ื. ื‘ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช, ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืœืชืช ื›ืžื” ืฉื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืงื•ื ื•ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช, ื›ืš ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื•ืื—ืช ื™ืžืฆื ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืขืจื›ื™ื, ืื”ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื™ื—ื•ืฉ ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืขื•ืจื‘, ืœื›ืŸ ื’ื ืื ื—ื ื• ืฉื™ื ื™ื ื• ืืช ืชืคื™ืกืช ื”ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื•ื”ืจื—ื‘ื ื• ืื•ืชื” ืฉืชืืคืฉืจ ืืช ื”ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ, ืืช ื”ื’ืžื™ืฉื•ืช, ื•ืžื™ื“ืช- ื”ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื ืขืœ ืคื™ ืกืงืœื” ืฉืžืชืื™ืžื” ืœื™ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื–ืžืŸ ื•ืžืืžืฅ. ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืœื‘ื—ื™ืจืชื™ - ืื ืžืชืื™ื ืœื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืชื ื“ื‘ ืคืขื ืื—ืช, ืื• ืœืื•ืจืš ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื ื”, ืื ืื ื™ ืžืขื“ื™ืคื”

ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื”, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื•ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžื”ื‘ื™ืช. ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ื–ื” ื—ืœ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื™ื“ื™ ื’ื ืขืœ ื”ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืชืืžื ื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžืขืจืš ืฉืœื ื• ื›ืš ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ืชื ื“ื‘ ืžื”ื‘ื™ืช.

ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื—ื“ืฉื ื™ืช ื•ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช, ืื™ื ื˜ืœ ืžื—ื•ืœืœืช ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื. ืขืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืชืคื™ืกืช ื”ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ืจื—ื‘ืชื” ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื”, ื”ื™ืขื“ื™ื ืฉื”ืฆื™ื‘ื• ืœืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช, ื”ืฉืงืช ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืžืฆืณื™ื ื’ ื•ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื ืชื™ื ื” ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื™ื ืžืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื•ื”ืกื’ืจื™ื. ืื™ื ื˜ืœ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื” ืœืขืฆืžื” ื™ืขื“ื™ ืขืฉื•ืจ ื‘ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ืช. ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืขื“ื™ื ืฉืืคืชื ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ื ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ืืช ื™ืขื“ื™ ื”ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ืื™ื ื˜ืœ. ืดืื ื™ ืจื•ืื” ื‘ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื›ืœื™ ื˜ืœ ืขื–ืจื-ืฉืžืจ: ืขืฆื•ื ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช, ื’ืื•ื•ื”, ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช, ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ืงื‘ื•ืฆืชื™, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ื”ื•ื ืชื•ืจื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ืœืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื’ื ื›ืฉื”ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืžื”ื‘ื™ืช. ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉืœ ืจื•ื— ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื•ื“ืœื•ื™ื˜ ืฉืชืจืžื ื• ืจื‘ื•ืช ืœื”ืฆืœื—ืชื•, ืžืจืื” ื’ื ืฉืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ื‘ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืช 33% ืžื‘ื™ืื” ืœื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ ืฉืœ ืขื“ ื‘ืคืจื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื•ืขื ื“ืื˜ื”, 16% ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื•ืขื“ ืื ื™ ืœื ืžืชื•ื•ื›ื—ืชืด ืื™ืš ื”ืฆืœื—ืชื ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ืžืขืจืš ื”ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื•ืœื”ืชืื™ืžื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžื”ื‘ื™ืช?

ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžืฉืžืจื™ื ืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื”?

ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื™ื•ื–ืžืช ื”ื“ื’ืœ ืฉืœื ื• , ืฉืžืงื ื” Ai for Youth ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื ืžืชืงื“ืžื™ื ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื•ืžื ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœื”ื ืืช ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื ืขืฉืชื” ืžื”ื‘ื™ืช. ื”ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืœื™ื•ื• ืืช ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืžืจื—ื•ืง, ื“ืจืš ืžืกืš ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ื” ื”ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช. ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ื”ื™ื ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ "ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื™ื" ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืชื• ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืคื™ืชื—ื• ื•ื™ื™ืฆืจื• ื‘ื‘ืชื™ื”ื ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืื•ืช ืงืฉื™ืฉื™ื ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ืจ ืœืžืฉืคื—ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืกื’ืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืฉื™ื—ืช ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื‘ืœื—ื™ืฆืช ื›ืคืชื•ืจ ืื—ืช. ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื, ื›ืžื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื”ืžืคืขืœ ืฉืœื ื•, ืฉืขื‘ื“ื• ื‘ืงืžืคื•ืก ื”ืžืฉื›ื ื• ืœืงื™ื™ื ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ื’ื ื‘ืงืžืคื•ืกืณ. ึฟื”ืื ื”ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืžืจื—ื•ืง ืชืจืžื” ืœืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื›ืžื• ื‘ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ืช?

ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉื ื›ื—ื• ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืื™ื ื˜ืœ ืœื ืžื•ื•ืชืจืช

29

28

ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืื• ืžื“ืข ื•ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”, ื•ืื ืื ื™ ืžืขื“ื™ืคื” ืœื”ืชื ื“ื‘ ื‘ืžื” ืฉืืจืฆื” - ืื™ื ื˜ืœ ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœื™ ืืช ื–ื”. ืขื ืคืจื•ืฅ ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืขืžื•ืชื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื ืืœืฆื• ืœื—ืฉื‘ ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืžื—ื“ืฉ. ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืฉืคื™ืขื” ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืขืœ ืงืฉืจื™ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืฉืœื›ื ืขื ื”ืขืžื•ืชื•ืช ืขื™ืžืŸ ืืชื ื‘ืงืฉืจ? ืื™ื ื˜ืœ ืžืงื™ื™ืžืช ืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช ืขืžื•ืงื” ืขื ืขืžื•ืชื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื” ื•ื‘ืจืžื” ื”ืืจืฆื™ืช. ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืฉืขื” ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ ืžืชื ื“ื‘ ืื™ื ื˜ืœ ืชื•ืจืžืช , ื›ืš ืฉื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ืชืจื•ืžื” ื›ืคื•ืœื” ื•ื™ืฉ ืขืžื•ืชื•ืช $10 ื•ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื—ื™ื ื•ืš $10,000 ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืงื‘ืœ ื’ื .$15,000 ื’ื ื”ื‘ื ื• ืฉื–ื” ืžื›ืคื™ืœ ื”ื›ื— ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ืฉืœื ื• ื•ื–ื” ืฆื™ื ื•ืจ ื”ื—ืžืฆืŸ ืฉืœ ืขืžื•ืชื•ืช ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืคืขืœื ื• ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื•ืœืชืจื•ื ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ื•ืชืจ.ื”ืฉืงื ื• ื’ื ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืžืฆ'ื™ื ื’ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื•ืกื™ื™ืขื ื• ืœื”ื ืœืชืจื•ื ืœืขืžื•ืชื•ืช ืฉื”ื ืžืชื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื™ื”ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื™ืฉื™. ืื ื™ ื’ืื” ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ืฆืœื—ื ื• ื•ืชืจืžื ื• ืืฉืชืงื“ ื›ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื—ืฆื™ ืฉ"ื— ื“ืจืš ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืžืขื ืงื™ื ืฉืœื ื•, ืฉื–ื” ืกื›ื•ื ืœื ืžื‘ื•ื˜ืœ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขืžื•ืชื•ืช ืฉืคื•ืขืœื•ืช ืขื™ืžื ื•. ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™, ืขืžื•ืชื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื‘ื—ื•ืกืŸ ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ื•ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื›ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืขืกืงื™ื™ื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืŸ ืจื•ื— ื’ื‘ื™ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื”, ื‘ื˜ื— ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื•ืช ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื›ืžื• ื–ื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ื•ื™ื ื‘ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช.

31

30

ื“ ืื•ืžืจื™ืงืก ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ื‘ืžื—ืœืงืช ื”ืื™ื›ื•ืช ืฉื™ื—ื” ืขื ื“ื ื” ืกืœืข, ื•ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืืช ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืชืจื•ืžื” ืœืงื”ื™ืœื” ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื”. ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ืžื—ืœืงืช 11 ื“ื ื” ืกืœืข ืขื‘ื“ื” ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื•ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจืช ,Omrix Biopharmaceuticals LTD ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื ืฉืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืœืฆืืช ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืœื”ืชื ื“ื‘ ืขื ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ืื—ืจืช ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื•ื™ืฉ ื›ืืœื• ืฉืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืื•ืชื” ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื•ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื ื•ืฆืจ ืœื›ืŸ, ื™ืฆื™ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืœื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื•ืžื ื”ืœื™ื ื›ืื—ื“ ื•ื›ื•ืœื ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ืขื ืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืชืด.

ื—ื‘ืจืช ื‘ื™ื•-ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ืžืฉืชื™ื™ื›ืช ืœืงื‘ื•ืฆืช , ื•ื‘ื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช Johnson & Johnson ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืชืคืงื™ื“ื” ื‘ืžื—ืœืงืช ื”ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืœืงื—ื” ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื” ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ื‘ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืžืœืื” ืืช ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืชืจื•ืžื” ืœืงื”ื™ืœื” ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื”. ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ื•ืžืชืžื—ื” ื‘ืคื™ืชื•ื— Omrix ื•ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืชื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืจืคื•ืื™ื™ื ืžืฆื™ืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืžืงื•ืจื (ื”"ืื ื™ Credo ื‘ืคืœื–ืžื” ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช. ื›ื—ืœืง ืžืขืจื›ื™ ื” ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ Omrix ืžืืžื™ืŸ") ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”, ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ืช ื•ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ ื”ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ื•ืจื•ืื” ื‘ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื” ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืช ื•ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื›ืœืคื™ ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื, ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื•ื”ืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ื™ื. ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืžืฉืชืœื‘ืช ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืื•ืžืจื™ืงืก ืจื•ืื” ืขืจืš ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื•ืžืขื•ื“ื“ืช ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื•ืœื›ืŸ, ืงื‘ืขื” ืฉื›ืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืฉื™ื•ืฆื ืœื”ืชื ื“ื‘ ื™ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ื›ืฉืขื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.

ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืขื ืืชื’ืจ ื’ื™ื•ืก ื”ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื?

ืดื™ืฆื™ืื” ืœื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื”/ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ืช ืœื”ืชื ื“ื‘ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืงืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉืžืคื•ืจืกืžืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืชื™ืช ืœื›ืœืœ ื”ืืจื’ื•ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืžืฉืชืชืคื™ื ืžืื—ืจ ื•ืื™ืŸ ืืช ื™ื—ืกื™ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœืš ืœืจืฆื•ืช. ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงืœ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื›ืžื—ืœืงื”/ืฆื•ื•ืช ื•ืœื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืกืคื•ืจืื“ื™ืด. ืดื”ื ื’ืฉืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืœืงื”ื™ืœื” ื”ื™ื ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ื ื” ืฉื›ืœ ืื“ื ืฉืžืชื ื“ื‘ ื–ื•ื›ื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ืœืขืฆืžื•, ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืจืื™ื ืฉืื“ื ื”ื ื•ืชืŸ ืขืฆืžื• ื•ืžืชื ื“ื‘, ืžืื•ืฉืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจืด.

ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืžืกืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืžืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื•ืขื“ ื”ื”ื ื”ืœื”

ืดื›ืฉืฆื•ื•ืช ื™ื•ืฆื ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืชื™ืช, ื–ื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืžื ื”ืœ ื•ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ืื• ืจืืฉ ืฆื•ื•ืช ื•ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื• ื›ืš ืฉื›ืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื” ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ืช. ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื ื”ืœ ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื—ื•ื•ื™ื ื™ื—ื“ ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืจื’ืฉื•ืช.

33

32

ื 

ื’ื™ื“ ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ืืจืฅ ื”ื™ื• ืžืฆื™ืขื•ืช ืœื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื•ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ืŸ ืœื ืงื•ืช ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ 4( ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืคื™ื ื•ื”ื™ืขืจื•ืช ื‘ืืจืฅ ืื™ืฉ, ืœืคื™ ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื‘ื ืง ื™ืฉืจืืœ) ื‘ื™ื—ื“, ื‘ื‘ืช ืื—ืช. ืœืืŸ ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืคื ื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื–ื‘ืœ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื ืืกืฃ??? ืฉืœื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ "ื”ื ื–ืง ื”ืžืฉื ื™" - ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ื–ื‘ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ื ืžื“ื•ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื›ื–ื” - ื›ื™ ื‘ื˜ื— ื™ื”ื™ื• ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ื™ื•ื ื™ืฆื˜ื™ื™ื“ื• ื‘ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืงื™ ืžื™ื, ื›ืœื™ื ื—ื“-ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ื•ื‘ื›ืจื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืขื˜ื•ืคื™ื ื ื™ื™ืœื•ืŸ...

ืžื”ื–ื™ื”ื•ื 10% ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜ื™ืœ ืื—ืจืื™ืช ืขืœ ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืืœื™ ื•ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ื›ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื”ืžื–ื”ืžืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœื” (ืื—ืจื™ ืชืขื•ืคื”).

ืขื•ื“ ืœื ื”ื•ืžืฆืื” ื”ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืชืฆื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืืงืœื™ื ืื‘ืœ...

ืื– ืžื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช?

ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื•ืœื”ื ื’ื™ืฉ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื—ื•ื–ืจ! ืื—ืช ืœืจื‘ืขื•ืŸ ื”ืฆื˜ืจืคื• ืœืžื™ื–ื, ืื• ืชื™ื–ืžื• ื‘ืขืฆืžื›ื, ืฉื•ืง ืงื— ืชืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“. ืืจื’ื ื• ื’ืจืื–' ืกื™ื™ืœ ืขื ืžื™ืชื•ื’ ืฉื•ื•ื” ื•ืชื‘ื™ืื• ืืช ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ืขื•ื“ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืืจื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ืช. ืืคืฉืจ ืœืชืจื•ื ืื• ืœืžื›ื•ืจ - ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืœื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืœื™ื•ื–ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœื›ืœื” ืžืขื’ืœื™ืช. ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ืจืง ื‘ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืœืืกื•ืฃ ื•ืœืžื—ื–ืจ ื’ื ืกื•ืœืœื•ืช, ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ื•ืช, ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืงื™ ืคืœืกื˜ื™ืง ื•ืขื•ื“ ื•ืขื•ื“... . ืืจื’ื ื• ื™ื•ื ื ื˜ื™ืขืช ืขืฆื™ื, ืื—ืช ืœืจื‘ืขื•ืŸ, ืื• 2 ื”ืฉืชืชืคื• ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื’ื™ื ื•ืช ืื•ืจื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ ืื• ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช - ื”ื›ื ื™ืกื• ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืฆืžื™ื—ื” (ืชืจืชื™ ืžืฉืžืข) ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื, ืชื•ืกื™ืคื• ืœื–ื” ืืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื, ื”ื•ืจื™ื ื•ืกื‘ื ื•ืกื‘ืชื ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื, ืคื•ืจืฉื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”, ื”ืกืคืงื™ื ืฉืœื›ื ื•ื”ืจื™ ืœื›ื ืžื›ืคื™ืœื™ ื›ื•ื— ืœื”ืฆืœืช ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืžื’ื‘ืฉืช ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื ืฉื™ืžื”. ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืฆืžืฆื ืืช ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ืช ืขืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ, ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืœื˜ื‘ืข ืœื”ืชื—ื“ืฉ ื•ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืื•ืชื• ืœืžืงื•ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืœื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื™ื ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื•, ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืžืœื ืืช ื—ืœืงื ื• โ€“ ื™ืฉ ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื โ€“ ื ืฉืžื— ืœืชืื ืœื›ื ืืช ื”ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื”.

ืื– ืžื” ื›ืŸ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช? ื•ืื™ืš?

ืงื•ื“ื ื›ืœ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืœื ืœื•ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ื”ื ื—ื” ืฉื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืจื‘ื•ืช ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœื ื•. ืœื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืขืกืงื™ื•ืช ื™ืฉ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื•ืชื™ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื•ื–ื” ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ื”ื ื’ืฉื” โ€“ ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ื–ื” ื ื’ื™ืฉ ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”? ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื–ื” ืœืงืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ (ื•ืื ื™ ืฉืžื” ื‘ืฆื“ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืฉืคืข ื‘ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืืชืจื™ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื•ื‘ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืื™ืš ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื™ืจื•ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ) - ืื ื™ ืืžืœื™ืฅ ืขืœ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉื™ืขื–ืจื• ืœื›ื•ืœื ื• ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืœื™ืจื•ืงื” ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ืจืฉื™ืžื” ื›ื“ืื™ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืืช ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ื”ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืชื™ืช ื›ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืงื‘ื•ืขื”, ื ื•ื—ื”, ื–ืžื™ื ื” ื•ืงืœื” ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื•ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช.

ื•ืœื”ืœืŸ ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช:

. ืื ื™ ืžื–ืžื™ื ื” ืืชื›ื ืœืงื—ืช ื—ืœืง ื‘ืžื™ื–ืžื™ 1 ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื—ื•ื–ืจ โ€“ 'ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ืื•ืชื”' ื•'ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืง ืœื—ื•ืจืฃ'. ืฉื ื™ ืžื™ื–ืžื™ื, ืฉื ื•ืœื“ื• ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืืš ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ ื›ื‘ืจ ืจืฆื™ื ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ื”ืฆืœื—ื”, ืœืื™ืกื•ืฃ ืฆืขืฆื•ืขื™ื ื•ืžืขื™ืœื™ื ืืฉืจ ืžืžื•ื™ื ื™ื ื•ืžืฉื•ื ืขื™ื nature ืœืขืžื•ืชื•ืช ืœื—ืœื•ืงื” ืœื ื–ืงืงื™ื. ืœืคื™ ืžื’ื–ื™ืŸ

ืงืจืŸ ืœื‘ื™ื. ืžื ื”ืœืช ืžื—ืœืงืช ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืœืขืกืงื™ื - ืจื•ื— ื˜ื•ื‘ื”

35

34

ืœืืชืจ ืฉืœ ืจื•ื— ื˜ื•ื‘ื”

Page 1 Page 3-2 Page 5-4 Page 7-6 Page 9-8 Page 11-10 Page 13-12 Page 15-14 Page 17-16 Page 19-18 Page 21-20 Page 23-22 Page 25-24 Page 27-26 Page 29-28 Page 31-30 Page 33-32 Page 35-34 Page 36

Made with FlippingBook. PDF to flipbook with ease