Contents
Section
Topic
Pages
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Personal information
4 – 5
Health & Safety
6 – 14
Quality
15 – 16 17 – 29 30 – 43 44 – 50 51 – 53 54 – 57 58 – 60 61 – 72
Driver duties & responsibilities
Drivers legislation
Security
Posters and guides
Site specific information
Training
10
Highway code
Section Detail
Section One Personal Information
Page numbers
Your details
4 5 5
You, the Driver
The Driver, Our Ambassador
Section Two Health, Safety and Environment
Page numbers
Health & Safety Policy Statement Environmental Policy Statement Employer’s Duties and Responsibilities Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Personal Accident Reporting Procedure
6 - 7
8 9
10 10 11 11 12
Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems
Environmental Ethos
Spillages
Safe Manual Handling
13 – 14
Section Three Quality
Page numbers
Quality Management Systems
15 16
Quality and the Driver
1
Section Four Driver Duties and Responsibilities
Page numbers
Knowing your Vehicle and Load Vehicle Stability and Dynamics
17
17 - 21
Disconnecting a Tractor Unit from a Semi-Trailer Connecting a Tractor Unit to a Semi-Trailer
21 22 23
Vehicle Safety Checks
Entering and Exiting Your Vehicle
23 - 24
Vehicle Defects
24
Breakdown Procedure
25 - 26
Avoiding falls from Heights / Vehicles
27 27 28 28 29
Driver’s Checklist
Reversing and Manoeuvring Accident Reporting Procedure
Drug and Alcohol Policy
Section Five Driver Legislation
Page numbers
Vehicle Operator Services Agency (VOSA) Driver and Vehicle Standards Agency (DVSA)
30 30 31 31
Road Side Inspections Vehicle and Trailer Heights Calculating Vehicle Heights
32 - 33 33 - 34 34 - 35 35 - 36 36 - 38 38 - 40 40 - 42 42 – 43 35
National Speed Limits Stopping Distances
Motoring Offences and Penalty Points
Licence Renewal
Driving Licence and Vehicle Categories Tachographs and Digital Driver cards
Mobile Phones and Driving
Smoking Ban – Company vehicles
Section Six Security
Page numbers
Security of your Vehicle and Load
44 - 45
Beware of Deception
46 46
Handling Difficult Situations
Personal Security
46 - 47
Lone and Night Workers
47 47 48 49 49 49 50
Requests to pull over and Stop
Vulnerable Load Notice
Parking and Overnight Stops Introducing Social Media
48 - 49
Why use Social Media
Whistl Employee Social Media Guidelines
Social Media Do’s and Don’ts
2
Section Seven Posters and Guides
Page numbers
Winter Driving
51 51 51 51 52 52 52 52 53
Look Ahead and Planning Advanced Navigation System
Manual Handling
Go Green Turn it off
Cruise Control
Missing out
Turn it off (Idling)
Section Eight Site Specific Information
Page numbers
Belfast Depot
54 54 55 55 56 56 56 57
Bristol Office and Depot Glasgow Office and Depot
Iver Depot
Leeds Depot
Rugby Office and Depot Warrington Office and Depot
Marlow Head Office
Section Nine Training Driver CPC Training Driver LGV Training
Page numbers
58 - 59 59 - 60
Section Ten Highway Code
Page numbers
Preparation for your Driver Assessment
61
Vulnerable Road Users
62 - 69 70 - 71
Road Signs
Road Markings
72
3
SECTION ONE Personal Information
Your details
Full name:…………………………………………………………………………………
Address:…………………………………………………….……………………………………………………
………..…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Home Telephone Number:…………………………………………………………….
Mobile Telephone Number:……………………………………………………………
Employee Number:……………………………………………………………………..
National Insurance Number:………………………………..………………………….
Driving Licence Number:…………………………………..……………………………
Date of Expiry:……………………………………………..…………………………….
Photograph Date of Expiry:………………………………..……………………………
Digital Tachograph card Number:……………………………………………………..
Expiry Date:………………………………………………..…………………………….
Site Details:……………..……………………………………………………………….
Depot Name:……………………………………………….……………………………
Traffic Office Telephone Number:……………………………………………………..
Depot Contact Names:………………………………………………………………….
Identity Cards are available by the local Management. If issued ensure you carry yours whenever you are on company business.
4
You, the driver
As a driver you are the face of Whistl spending almost all of your time in the public and our customer’s eyes. Your job is demanding, therefore it is important that you have all of the necessary information to hand.
That’s why your Whistl Driver Handbook is so vital – it helps you make the best use of your time and your Vehicle.
It is a useful guide to carrying out your day to day duties – highlighting company Policies, Legislation and Health and Safety issues, but does not replace the need for you to be aware of and to comply with all relevant traffic laws.
Wherever you are working within Whistl the Vehicle you drive is your responsibility – as are the goods you are carrying.
This handbook will help you perform your duties and responsibilities in a way that presents Whistl in the most professional manner.
Please read, learn and comply with the contents of this handbook. You will then be performing your duties as a driver in the best interests of yourself, Whistl, our customers and the general public.
Remember that we are here to help you. If you have any questions on any of the contents, please raise them with your transport manager. Please accept our best wishes for every success.
The Driver: Our Ambassador
Every day, thousands of our customers or potential customers see Whistl in operation. As a driver, it is an opportunity for you to show that Whistl is an organisation that cares for all of its customers and employees.
Checklist to ensure quality standards:
Check your vehicle is legal and safe Check and secure your load Check your appearance Check that your vehicle is clean and tidy
Ensure all documentation is completed, clear and accurate Ensure all goods are collected/delivered efficiently and safely
This will leave our customers with a favourable impression of Whistl and ensure potential customers see Whistl as a customer focused business.
A clean smart appearance tells the customer: You care
You have pride in Whistl You have pride in yourself You respect the customer You have pride in the job
5
SECTION TWO Health, Safety and the Environment
Health & Safety Policy
WHISTL OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY POLICY STATEMENT
POLICY GENERAL Whistl recognises and accepts its duties as an employer to ensure, so far as is reasonably practicable, the health, safety and welfare at work of all its employees and to safe guard its visitors, contractors and members of the public who may be affected by its activities. Whistl will observe all relevant statutes, regulations and codes of practice and will take appropriate steps within its authority for the: Provision and maintenance of plant and equipment that is safe and without risk to health; Arrangements for ensuring safety and absence of risk to health in relation to the use, handling, storage and transportation of articles and substances; Provision of sufficient information, instruction, training and supervision as is necessary to ensure the health and safety of its employees at work; Maintenance of a safe place of work and provision and maintenance of safe access to it and egress from it; Provision and maintenance of adequate facilities. To realise these objectives the company shall make available adequate resource to promote and maintain best practise in health and safety management and to support the objective of continuous improvement. Whistl will endeavour to prevent any incident that may result in injury, ill health or damage to property. Whistl safety management system will be accredited to OHSAS 18001 standard. MANAGEMENT RESPONSIBILITY Whistl believes that health and safety is an aspect of management equal in importance to any other management function. The company expects all Managers and supervisors to consider Health & Safety as part of their normal duties and responsibilities in order to prevent injury and ill health. Site management will be accountable to the appropriate senior manager and ultimately the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) for maintaining Whistl health & safety standards at their location. Their health and safety performance with regard to compliance to the company’s safety management system will be monitored and will be taken into account as part of their overall performance appraisal. EMPLOYEE RESPONSIBILITY Whistl requires all its employees to co-operate with the management of the company in order to achieve legal compliance and to meet its own safety standards. Employees are reminded not to take risks, which could affect their own, or other people’s health and safety. Any breaches of company health and safety policy or rules will result in disciplinary action. All employees receive a copy of their duties and responsibilities as part of the induction process. Further information is made available in the company SH&E handbook.
6
HEALTH & SAFETY ASSISTANCE The prime function of the health & safety department is to assist the company in meeting its occupational health & safety objectives. The SH&E department reports to the group services director to the CEO for the provision of a professional and comprehensive health and safety service to the company, including the development, implementation, monitoring and review of Whistl’s safety management system. ARRANGEMENTS As part of the overall health and safety arrangements, suitable and sufficient assessment of the risks to health and safety will be undertaken. The purpose of such assessments is to identify the appropriate preventative and protective measures necessary to comply with any relevant statutory provision and to ensure the health and safety of employees and other persons affected by our activities. Safe representation exists at each location. Whistl in accordance with legal requirements will consult with the appointed safety representatives at each main location to enlist their co-operation in implementing this policy and participate in the work of the safety committee. TRAINING Whistl recognises the need for health and safety training to ensure that employees are competent to carry out their work without risk to themselves or others. Such training will be provided at induction and periodically during the course of employment. REPORTING AND INVESTIGATION OF ACCIDENTS The senior site manager or their designated deputy(s) are responsible for investigating and reporting the circumstances surrounding and the cause of all incidents that result in personal injury, property, damage or near misses. Where necessary, they will be assisted by the health and safety department and/or insurance department. In certain circumstances the Health and Safety Executive must be advised. Please seek clarification from the health and safety department. POLICY ISSUE Copies of this policy will be made available to all employees and will be displayed at all company locations. The policy will be brought to the attention of all contractors, customers and visitors and will be made available to all interested parties. REVIEW OF POLICY Whistl’s health and safety management system will be reviewed annually and revised when necessary in light of any legislative changes and/or needs of the company, Where necessary, new health and safety objectives will be set and detailed within the annually issued SH&E plan and circulated to appropriate locations. Policy holders will be advised of any changes. MANAGING CONTRACTORS Whistl has a legal duty to ensure that contractors engaged in work activities at any of its sites are competent in the tasks they perform with regard to statutory safety, health and environmental (SH&E) responsibilities. All contractors work to be assigned by the requirements of the contractor’s policy and job registration. CONSULTATION The health and safety policy is unlikely to be successful unless it actively involves all staff.
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Environmental Policy
Whistl is committed to adopting practices aimed at minimising the environmental impact of its operations. The Company undertakes to comply with all current legislation and other requirements relating to the environment and its protection. Whistl is committed to comply with the Company Social Responsibility Policy and Whistl Business Principles and this policy. The scope of this policy and the company’s Environmental Management System (EMS) Applies to all activities undertaken at its business locations within the UK. Key activities Being mail collection, Sortation and segregation, mail delivery and storage of mail.
In pursuing our environmental policy, Whistl is committed, subject to sound business practice and economic practicability, to the following objects:
EMS to be continually accredited to ISO14001 External involvement and assessment in line with CAESER Manage energy use and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions through EMS objectives and government trading scheme (CRC) Manage our transport activities to be fuel efficient with new vehicle technologies coupled with improved driver behaviour activities Considering environmental issues when making new investments Providing training for employees and the necessary resources and facilities to allow for the implementation of this policy Encouraging suppliers, subcontractors and agencies to demonstrate a responsible attitude to the environment in recognition of the impact their activities have on the environment and our company To implement and improve waste management techniques to recycle and reduce waste associated with our activities Developing in conjunction with the appropriate authorities, procedures to deal with and limit environmental impact and site emergencies Identifying areas for future improvement, setting measurable environmental objectives and targets, implementing improvement plans, monitoring and auditing our progress against these objectives and targets at the quarterly Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Group and annual management review meetings Avoiding nuisance to our neighbours and considering the rights and opinions of others in managing our activities Copies of this policy are made available to employees, subcontractors and displayed at all Whistl locations. This policy is also available upon request to suppliers, customers, visitors and any other interested parties via the Whistl website.
The Whistl Environmental Policy will be reviewed annually and revised where necessary, taking into consideration any local operational reviews, legislative changes and the needs of our customers.
8
Employer’s Duties and Responsibilities
Whistl, as an employer, has a duty to ensure; so far as is reasonably practicable, the health, safety and welfare at work of all our employees.
As an employer Whistl should: Provide and maintain safe equipment and safe operating procedures. Ensure that materials used at work are properly stored, handled, used and transported. Provide information, instruction, training and supervision. Provide a safe place of work with means of safe access and exit. Provide a safe working environment.
Provide a written statement of safety policy. Look after the health and safety of others. Talk to safety representatives.
Under the company’s Health and Safety Policy and Procedures, all Drivers:
Are responsible for making themselves familiar with the company health and safety policy and its associated rules and procedures Must report all accidents and any or potential hazards to their line manager, normally at the debrief Must co-operate with management in the wearing of the correct safety equipment, using the appropriate safety devices and following proper safe operating procedures (sops) Must co-operate in the investigation of accidents and the reporting of them Should promote ideas on the improvements of health and safety standards and also provide suitable suggestions for reductions in risks Are forbidden to interfere with or misuse any specified items of safety equipment or safety device Are required to take care of their own health and safety and the health and safety of others, they should not indulge in horseplay, wilful unsafe acts or carry out or play practical jokes on other employees Must clean up their working area, assist in the tidying up thereof , help maintain clear gangways and maintain high standards of housekeeping and hygiene failing to keep their workspace free and tidy from dangerous objects will be liable to disciplinary action including dismissal Are advised that strict requirements under health and safety at work act can be used by the enforcing authorities against such persons if found of reckless behaviour
9
Personal Protective Equipment
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is provided by the company, free of charge, to safeguard you against injury during the course of your day to day duties
Employee uniforms, including safety footwear, must be worn at all times If there is any risk that you may come into contact (i.e. skin or eye) with a hazardous substance, then you must wear the relevant Personal Protective Equipment i.e. gloves and goggles Any employee not wearing Personal Protective Equipment, as necessary, may be liable to disciplinary action under the company’s health and safety policy
What are the Personal Protective Equipment requirements for your location?
Uniform Safety footwear Gloves
Reflective waistcoats/jackets Safety Helmets (Bump caps) Safety Glasses or Goggles Wet weather clothes (Vehicle wash)
Personal Accident Reporting Procedure
All Employees must adhere to the following:
All near misses must be reported using the near miss / hazard report form available at all locations All accidents, however minor, must be reported as soon as possible after the accident and an entry made in the accident book by a supervisor or manager Employees will normally report the incident at debrief, however a road traffic accident and/or serious injury accident must be reported by the quickest means possible, i.e. telephone the base depot The company has a legal responsibility to report accidents, therefore, anyone failing to report an accident will be liable to disciplinary action, including dismissal
10
Occupational Health and Safety Management System
Whistl operates a Health and Safety Management system as required by the Health and Safety at work Act 1974
Whistl operates an external accredited Occupational Health and Safety Management system which complies with ISO 9001 the main elements are as follows:
The health and safety policy states the company’s intent to manage activities and adopt control measures to provide a safe working environment The health and safety manual includes details of the individuals responsibilities and company policies and procedures relating to our activities Risk assessments are completed for all activities, identifying hazards, risks and control measures required Safe operating procedures, showing hazards identified, have been developed to cover all activities where there is an element of risk Inspections and audits or completed on a regular basis Communication with other employees is addressed via the safety improvement groups also employee forum meetings We at Whistl want to prevent pollution rather than clean it up afterwards Pollution can be throwing litter on the floor, or spilling diesel or anti-freeze which then runs down drains, or playing a radio loudly in the depot that it becomes a nuisance to our neighbours. We obey all the various laws and regulations controlling the environment Make sure any vehicle defects are reported promptly. Following the company’s servicing and defect reporting procedure this will ensure all vehicles can meet the MOT standards every day. Drivers should not leave vehicle running unattended and adopt economic driving techniques where possible. Office staff should use recycling facilities where possible, and turn off lights when rooms are not in use We can all do our bit to improve our road network and the environment in which we live and work Take all rubbish back to your depot location and dispose of it responsibly Nearly a third of the population claim noise pollution is a nuisance and for 14% it impacts their quality of life Do not over rev engines unnecessarily Only use the vehicle horn to warn other motorists of you presence in an emergency and during your daily vehicle check We want continuous improvement in performance Environmental Ethos
11
Spillages
Minor spillages If the liquid spilled is a non-hazardous, spread the area with granules to soak up the spillage and sweep up granules and dispose of in a suitable receptacle Major spillages If the spillage occurs on a customer’s premises always inform the customer immediately Spillage of hazardous substances – report the incident to the traffic office immediately If possible, move the vehicle to a safe place away from drains or watercourses If the leak cannot be stopped, immediately seek assistance and call the fire brigade Stop the spread of the fluid and make sure the public is kept away from the contaminated area
Spillage of Hazardous Substances Notify the traffic office immediately for advice
Always report spillages – no matter how small
12
Safe Manual Handling
1 . Stop and Think Plan the lift. Where is the load to be placed? Use appropriate handling aids if possible. Do you need help with the load? Remove obstructions such as discarded wrapping material. For a long lift, such as floor to shoulder height, consider resting the load mid-way on a table or bench in order to change grip 2 . Position the feet Feet apart, giving a balanced and stable base for lifting (tight clothing and unsuitable footwear makes this difficult) leading leg as far forward as is comfortable. 3 . Adopt a good Posture When lifting from a low level, bend the knees but do not kneel or over flex the knees. Keep the back straight (tucking in the chin helps). Lean forward a little over the load if necessary to get a good grip. Keep the shoulders level and facing in the same direction as the hips. 4 . Get a firm grip Try to keep the arms within the boundary formed by the legs. The best position and type of grip depends on the circumstances and individual preference, but it must be secure. A hook grip is less tiring than trying to keep fingers straight. If you need to vary the grip as the lift proceeds, do it as smoothly as possible. 5. Keep Close to the Load Keep the load close to the trunk for as long as possible. Keep the heaviest side of the load next to the body. If a close approach to the load is not possible, slide it towards you before trying to lift. 6 . Don’t Jerk Lift smoothly, keeping control of the load 6a . Move the feet Don’t twist the trunk when turning to the side. 6b . Put down then adjust If precise positioning of the load is necessary, put it down first, then slide into the desired position.
Should I use Mechanical Aids in every case? It depends whether it’s reasonably practical to do so. But you should always consider mechanical aids, they can improve productivity as well as safety. Even something as simple as a sack truck can be a big improvement.
13
Maximum weight a person should lift at work
Under the regulations, there are guide lines on the maximum safe weight. The regulations contain a “lifting and lowering” diagram as can be seen, the maximum weight that a man should be required to lift from head height, close to his body, 10kg
If a man is lifting an object from ankle height, but away from his body, the maximum is 5kg. Similarly, if a man is required to lift something from chest height, but close to his body, then the maximum permissible weight is 20kg. Under the regulations men and women are treated differently. The maximum that a women should be required to lift is roughly 30% less than that of a man.
14
SECTION THREE Quality
Quality Management System
Whistl operates a Quality Management System that complies with the ISO 9001:2004 Standard. This standard is based on eight quality management principles that help our organisation towards improved performance. These are:
1. Customer focus 2. Leadership 3. Investment of people 4. Process approach 5. System approach to management 6. Continual improvement 7. Factual approach to decision making 8. Mutually beneficial supplier relationships
Whistl satisfies these principles by:
Understanding our customers’ requirements Setting targets for achieving those requirements Measuring our performance by means of Key Performance Indicators Reviewing and, where necessary, improving our performance
The quality or our customer service is totally dependent on the quality of the people who deliver it We have standard people development and continuous improvement processes that are accredited to the Investors in people standard We encourage our people to take responsibility for their own learning and applying new skills in the workplace Our people know that whatever their job, wherever they work, they have the opportunity to develop We work with our suppliers in a true spirit of partnership to enable them to meet the same demanding standards that we set upon ourselves and to provide benefits to all parties. In order to comply with the ISO 9001:2008 and maintain certification, Whistl is subject to six monthly external assessments by a team from an accredited body – (Lloyds Register of Quality Assurance are the current suppliers of this audit service). The auditors will visit a random selection of sites and interview members of staff.
15
Quality and the Driver
To put this into context in relation to your role as part of the Whistl driving force you satisfy the twelve quality principles listed below:
Ensuring your delivery is on time, in full, correct and undamaged Making sure your proof of delivery documentation is complete and accurate Being polite and courteous at point of delivery or collection Driving, loading and unloading safely Following our documented procedures Ensuring that your daily vehicle safety checks are completed fully Ensuring that our vehicles are roadworthy Providing a professional image Achieving operation targets set Taking advantage of training and development opportunities Providing full and accurate information at debrief Measuring our performance through our Key Performance Indicators (KPI’s)
16
SECTION FOUR Driver Duties and Responsibilities
Knowing your Vehicle and Load
Vehicle
Whenever you are using a new or unfamiliar vehicle, always take time to familiarise yourself with the controls and ensure that you know its operating characteristics.
Load
As a driver, whenever you take a vehicle out on the road you are responsible for that vehicle and the load. You must secure the load so that no danger or nuisance is caused to other road users through shifting or falling from the vehicle. Drivers are not permitted or expected to take a vehicle on a public road with a load that is; unsecured, unstable or overweight. If you have doubts you should seek advice from the traffic office before proceeding. It is the driver’s responsibility to adjust the load following deliveries to ensure axle weights are not exceeded. Vehicle Stability Keeping the load evenly distributed across the bed of the vehicle improves vehicle stability, the C entre o f G ravity ( COG ) rises when a vehicle is loaded
COG UNLOADED COG LOADED
UNSTABLE OR OVERWEIGHT LOADS AFFECT VEHICLE STABILITY
Vehicle Stability and Dynamics
The Laws of Nature
Like everything around us, we are all affected by the laws of nature. These laws ensure that: We don’t fall off the planet If we throw something it will keep going in a straight line away from us A person walking into a tree will probably injure themselves but a person running into a tree will injure themselves more out of all proportion to their increase in speed If you wander onto ice you stand a really good chance of falling over
These same principles apply to our vehicles and, while they cannot be totally eliminated, they can be controlled and their effects minimised.
17
Side Winds
Vehicles with high flat sides, such as Furniture trucks and Double Deck trailers, are extremely susceptible to the effects of cross wind (wind blowing onto the side of the vehicle). In conditions of extreme cross wind, road controlling authorities may issue strong wind warnings for some stretches of road. When these are issued take note, and if the warning includes advice not to travel over a particular area of road – don’t. Remember also that your vehicle will generate its own wind as it moves along the road. The faster you go the greater the wind forces generated will be. These forces can be sufficient to blow motorcyclists over and buffet other vehicles to a point that a driver losses control, so you need to be considerate of other road users and slow down.
Speed
The effect of speed on the cornering ability, braking distance and impact forces acting on a vehicle increase as the speed increase. Cornering forces don’t double when the vehicle speed doubles, they increase by four times.
This effect is highlighted in the following diagram:
The arrow in the left-most illustration represents the overturning force acting on a truck in a 30 Km/h (18.6mph) corner. If the same truck is driven through the same corner at 60 Km/h (37.2mph), the overturning forces will be four times higher, represented by the arrow in the middle illustration. If the truck is now driven through the same corner at 90 Km/h (55.9mph) the overturning forces will be nine times higher than at 30 Km/h, as in the third illustration.
Gravity
Gravity creates a force that, in simple terms, attracts everything towards the centre of the centre of the earth.
The force is measured as weight and means that a person weighing 90 Kilograms (14.1 stone) and a truck weighing 15,000 Kg are both attracted towards the centre of the earth with the same speed of acceleration. If both were free to fall they would accelerate at the same rate, called 1 gravity (1g).
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Every object affected by gravity has a centre of gravity (COG), which is the point around which the object, if placed on a pointed stick in the ground, would be balanced in all directions. The higher COG, the more unstable the object (such as a truck) will be. The closer to the ground, the more stable the object. The stability of the truck is largely dependent on the height of its COG above the ground. If a load is not centred across its width the stability will be reduced when cornering. If the load is not balanced correctly along its length, wheel lock up during braking becomes a distinct possibility.
Kinetic Energy
Kinetic energy is the energy present in any moving object. The heavier and/or faster the object, the more energy it will contain. A bullet for example, is small but extremely fast and has the potential to do a lot of damage over a small area owing to its Kinetic energy. A Truck, on the other hand, is relatively slow but is extremely heavy and has the potential to do a great deal of damage over a greater area for the same reason. While a bullet’s energy is either absorbed by the target or eventually eliminated by friction as it moves through the air, the energy in a vehicle is converted to heat by the friction that occurs in the brakes when the driver applies the brakes.
1. Braking The faster a vehicle goes, the further it takes to stop As the table below shows, if a truck’s speed is doubled it will take at least four times the distance to stop. Longer if the road is wet.
Truck Speed
Road Conditions
Stopping Distance
Weight
40,000 Kg 40,000 Kg 40,000 Kg
35 Km/h
Dry
9 Meters
70 Km/h
Dry
37 Meters
70 Km/h
Wet
72 Meters
2. Cornering If a truck enters a corner at 60 Km/h (37.2 mph), there will be four times more overturning (side) force on the vehicle than if it had entered the corner at 30 Km/h (18.6 Mph).
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3. Impact The damage to a vehicle (and its driver) at the point of impact in a crash situation will also increase in proportion to the square of speed. In other words, double the speed = four times the damage, triple the speed = nine times the damage. A pedestrian knocked down at 60 Km/h (37.2 Mph) will most likely suffer four times as much damage as one knocked down at 30 Km/h (18.6 Mph) 4. Friction Friction is the resistance to motion that occurs when one body or surface moves across another. On a vehicle the most common points of friction are the brakes, the tyre contact with the road, air resistance, and engine and transmission components. It is the friction between the tyres and the road that allows the driving, braking and cornering forces to be transmitted to the road surface. Friction creates heat. Vehicle braking systems produce large amount of heat, which has to be dispersed very quickly. The secret to a good braking system is its ability to remove that heat quickly and efficiently. The faster a vehicle is travelling, or the heavier it is, the more heat the brakes generate in bringing the vehicle to a stop.
Centrifugal force (Overturning or side force)
Centrifugal force occurs when a moving object, such as a vehicle, changes direction. This is the same force that causes passengers to slide across the seat and loose freight to slide across a deck when cornering at higher speeds. The weight of a vehicle means that when it is travelling in a straight line it will try to continue in that direction, even when the driver turns the steering wheel.
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Changing direction causes the vehicle’s weight to move to the outside of the turn which, unless the driver controls its speed, can lead to the vehicle rolling over or sliding out. Centrifugal force is affected by the vehicle speed and the angle of turn. In other words, the faster the vehicle is going and/or the tighter the turn, the more likely the driver is to lose control of the vehicle and for it to roll over. DRIVERS DUTIES and RESPONSIBILITIES
Disconnecting a Tractor Unit from a Semi-Trailer
Pre Uncoupling
Ensure: The trailer will be parked whenever possible, on level ground with a suitable hard surface The trailer will not obstruct a public highway or thoroughfare The skid plate of the semi-trailer is some 2 inches lower than the top of the 5 th wheel height
Uncoupling Procedure
6
5
4
3
2
1
When uncoupling a trailer you should work from the rear of the vehicle towards the front
1. Apply trailer handbrake and wind down landing legs 2. Disconnect air and electrical lines in an orderly fashion, the nearest first, and attach to holding frame 3. Remove spring clip from 5 th wheel coupling. 4. Pull the handle strongly and lock by moving it forward to engage handle notch on 5 th wheel plate 5. Before you enter the vehicle cab take a moment to think through the procedure you have just completed, ask yourself: Is the trailer brake on? Are the landing legs down? Have you disconnected all cables? 6. Drive the tractor unit forwards slowly the 5 th wheel mechanism will automatically assume the coupling up position.
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Connecting a Tractor Unit to a Semi-Trailer
Pre-Coupling
Before coupling the driver must ensure: The trailer has a valid mot and the disc is displayed The brake of the semi-trailer is on The 5 th wheel coupling release lever is in the couple position with the operating handle standing out approximately 12”
Coupling Procedure
9 5
1
2
3
4 0 0 0 0
5 1
6 2
7 4
8 5
When coupling a trailer you should work from the front of the vehicle towards the rear
1. Ensure that the semi-trailer lifts as it comes into contact with the tractor head up ramps. 2. After the initial coupling is made, select a low gear and pull forward to establish the correct coupling has taken place (Tug the Trailer Twice). 3. Ensure the tractor handbrake is on. 4. Ensure that the skid plate of the semi-trailer is resting on the 5 th wheel coupling with no gap present. 5. Insert the spring clip into the eye on the 5 th wheel coupling plate. 6. Connect air and electrical lines connecting the furthest away first and ensuring all lines are clean and undamaged. 7. Wind up the landing legs fully – do not allow feet to drag across sloping ground. 8. Release the trailer handbrake.
Please remember to fit the number plate to the trailer
Please ensure you carry out normal vehicle pre-drive checks
Ensure the safety of yourself and others during the Coupling/Uncoupling Procedure
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Vehicle Safety Checks
When conducting your daily vehicle checks, use of the word WALLET will guide you through a complete pre-journey checklist, A good daily vehicle check will last for at least 15 minutes this time must be displayed on your tacho as other work (cross hammers symbol) every time you change your vehicle or trailer.
W
Windows - clean inside and out, free from stickers or obstructions.
A Accessories – Mirrors, all auxiliary equipment, windscreen wipers, washer bottle, horn, hazard lights, tail-lift, curtains, all additional equipment.
L Lights – Ensure that they are working, clean, and undamaged.
L Load – Correct paperwork, Secure, Balanced, Undamaged, Fit for transportation.
E Engine – Oil and coolant levels, battery, all fluids.
T
Tyres – tread wheel nuts, tyre condition, and foreign bodies.
If you change your trailer part way through your shift remember to conduct your pre- journey safety checks.
Vehicle Safety Checks
Careful daily vehicle checks can eliminate most vehicle breakdowns. All defects found must be reported to the traffic office immediately where a defect will be raised.
Entering and exiting your vehicle
Whenever entering and exiting the cab of a vehicle the following safe operating procedure should be adopted:
Entering
With the door open, grip the handrails just inside the frame (front and back) with both hands. Place either foot on the bottom step. Climb up the steps one at a time and place both feet on the cab floor releasing your grip from the hand rails.
Exiting
Ensure the floor area is firm and clear from obstruction. With the door open, grip both handrails and place one foot on the first step. Position your body to back out of the vehicle. Climb down the steps one at a time and only release your grip when you are on the floor area.
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Remember do not:
1. Jump down from the vehicle 2. Use the steering wheel as a hand hold
ALWAYS CLIMB UP AND DOWN IN A CONTROLLED MANNER
Vehicle Defects
All defects found during a daily vehicle check must be reported to the traffic office immediately. Many defects can be rectified as soon as they have been found (Bulbs, Light lenses, air lines) can be replaced as all depots hold a small stock of parts and bulbs. If you are unsure about changing bulbs, Air lines, Light lenses please report this to the traffic office and a Driver assessor will assist you. Remember all vehicles on the highway must be to an MOT standard every day. When checking vehicle tyres the legal tread depth limit for a vehicle tread depth on
A vehicle 7.5t and over is 1mm tread over ¾ breadth of a tyre
A vehicle under 7.5t is 1.6 mm tread over ¾ breadth of a tyre
ALL TYRES MUST BE CHECKED DAILY TO REDUCE THE RISK OF AN ACCIDENT OR BREAKDOWN
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Breakdown Procedure
If the vehicle breaks down, the driver’s base location must be advised at the earliest opportunity in order that appropriate action can be initiated. If you have to leave the vehicle or load unattended to make a telephone call, or call for emergency assistance, the driver must return immediately after contact has been made with the base location and wait assistance. At all time the vehicle must remain fully secured. The best way to avoid breakdowns is to carry out a good daily vehicle check.
Should you be unfortunate enough to be involved in a vehicle breakdown, take the following action:
Make sure your vehicle does not represent a hazard to other road users Switch on your hazard warning lights Inform your traffic office of the vehicle symptoms and your exact location Always lock the vehicle if you need to leave it, even temporarily, return to the vehicle and await assistance
In addition to these actions if your vehicle breaks down on a motorway, you should:
Park the vehicle on the hard shoulder as far over to the left as possible Use the company phone to advice your depot and the Police or use the emergency telephone if your vehicle does not have one Keep the vehicle in sight but stay at a safe distance, if possible, behind the crash barrier
Tyre information
If your vehicle breakdown is due to a puncture, you should: Inform the depot of the tyre size and ply rating, this information is printed on the tyre wall
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Please see the chart on the next page for the tyre Load index and speed ratings for tyres.
The majority of tyres carry coded markings on them, which correspond to their load carrying and maximum speed capabilities.
91= Index of maximum load carrying capacity per tyre, in this case equates to 615kg.
V= Symbol which equates to a speed rating of 240km/h (approximately 149mph)
The load index is a numerical code, which corresponds to the maximum load a tyre can carry at the speed indicated by its speed symbol, under specific service conditions. For specific load index details see below.
The speed symbol indicates the speed at which the tyre can carry the load corresponding with its load index. For specific speed rating details see below.
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Avoiding Falls from Height / Vehicles
What do I need to do?
As with all work from height, there are basic steps you should take to reduce the chances of people falling and being injured.
If you can avoid the need for work at height then do so When you can’t avoid working at height you must take steps to prevent falls Follow the correct Safe Operating Procedures (SOPs)
Safety Checklist
Don’t jump from the lorry or loads Report damaged, loose or inadequate steps and hand holds – ensure the steps are safe for you to use Report slippery surfaces, for example those that are oily or greasy Keep the lorry tidy – avoid creating tripping hazards Wear suitable footwear for the job Use the edge protection on tail lifts (where it is fitted) Do not walk backwards near the rear of the vehicle load bed Only use equipment such as straps, curtains, etc if you are sure it is well maintained and is in good working order
Driver’s Checklist
Fuelling Your Vehicle Precise instruction on how to refuel your vehicle will be provided by your site management. The following are reminders to all drivers of company vehicles. Fuel is a valuable resource, it is your responsibility to use it effectively.
Always:
Drive in the green rev range Remember gears are for going and brakes are for slowing Take care when refuelling your vehicle, spilt diesel costs and pollutes the environment.
Take care to ensure you:
Do not allow other vehicles to be filled on your Fuel Tag Report lost or stolen fuel tags to your manager immediately Keep your fuel tag safe at all times
Safety
Seat belts must be worn at all times, it is legislation and for your safety Under no circumstances should anyone place attachments or ornaments to a company vehicle either internally or externally Steering Assistors are strictly forbidden on road – going vehicle DO NOT USE THEM
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Reversing and Manoeuvring It’s a fact that nearly 40% of blameworthy collisions are caused by drivers whilst reversing and manoeuvring. Whenever it is reasonably practical, avoid reversing the vehicle to reduce the risk
When Reversing:
Always confirm the area you are manoeuvring into Check the area for height, length and width clearance Clear area of debris – pallets, rubbish etc Whenever possible seek assistance Shunt if necessary If you are unsure stop, get out, and confirm the safety of the manoeuvre
Wherever there is more than one person in a vehicle, the crew person MUST exit the vehicle and assist the driver with the reversing manoeuvre, as long as the individual’s safety is not in jeopardy.
WHEN REVERSING – IF IN DOUBT, GET OUT
Accident Reporting Procedure
All Drivers must adhere to the following:
Accidents include:
Road Traffic Collision (RTC) including property damage accidents A Road Traffic Collision must be reported as soon as is reasonably practicable i.e. by telephoning the base location Driver should report all incidents to the traffic office upon debrief You have a legal responsibility to report all road traffic accidents, anyone failing to report an accident will be liable to disciplinary action, including dismissal
The following actions are to be carried out at the scene on an accident by the Driver:
Driver reports accident to location management from the scene of the accident Driver to take photographs of both ours and third party vehicles
REPORTING A NEAR MISS MAY AVOID AN ACCIDENT
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Drug and Alcohol Policy
Whistl places great importance on the health, safety and well-being of all employees and site visitors. Those who attempt to work under the influence of drugs and/or alcohol present a health and safety risk not only to themselves but also to their colleagues and others.
The Rules
The company will be an alcohol and drug free zone – this includes all premises and vehicles Whilst engaged in company business, all employees must be in a fit condition, free from traces of illegal drugs and alcohol
The Limits - Alcohol
No one must exceed a blood alcohol concentration of 0.5%. This limit is lower than the UK driving limit because: Evidence shows that when people have even a small amount in their blood, their ability, performance and judgement are impaired. This creates unacceptable risks to our business The limit of 0.5% applies to other EU countries and there are plans to reduce the UK limit in the future
The limit – Drugs
Any use of illegal drugs covered in the Misuse of Drugs act 1971 and the misuse, whether intentional or not, of prescription drugs, over the counter medicine, glue and solvents is prohibited. Anyone taking medication must always follow the prescribed dose carefully. They must inform the HR department or their line manager if the prescription drugs may influence their work and/or their ability to operate mechanical equipment (this will be confidential).
Testing
Whistl will conduct testing in the following situations:
Pre-employment: prospective employees may be tested at job interviews For Cause: when an accident/incident occurs and there are reasonable grounds to suspect that the actions or omissions of any employees led to the accident. Random: up to 10% of employees will be tested at random throughout the year to ensure the policy is being followed Follow up: employees who have tested positive
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SECTION FIVE Driver Legislation
Vehicle and Operator Services Agency (VOSA)
The Vehicle and Operator Services Agency (VOSA) was formed on 1 st April 2003 following the merger of the Vehicle Inspectorate and the Traffic Area Network Division of the department of transport. VOSA provides a range of licensing, testing and enforcement services with the aim of improving the roadworthiness standards of vehicles ensuring the compliance of operators and drivers with road traffic legislation, and supporting the independent traffic Commissioners.
Vehicle and Operator Services Agency was replaced by Driver and Vehicle Standards Agency in April 2014
DVSA’s Vision
VOSA was an Executive Agency of the Department for Transport (DFT). They contributed to saving lives, making roads safer, cutting crime and protecting the environment through ensuring compliance with regulations of drivers, operators, vehicles, MOT garages and maintainers.
For pillars of compliance
Testing and Inspection Licensing and authorisation Enforcement Supporting industry through education and information
Driver and Vehicle Standards Agency (DVSA):
DVSA’s vision for the future is one where drivers, operators, vehicles, MOT garages and maintainers are fully compliant with regulations. Moving forward they will transform the way they work to deliver compliance even more efficiently and effectively. Their four core pillars of work will remain the same, but how, when and where they deliver these will alter as they embed an increasingly risk evidence-based approach, which is proportionate and targeted according to the principles below.
DVSA’s Strategic Principles
Targeting those most likely to be non- compliant Targeting areas of non-compliance most likely to cause collisions/incidents Effective location More effective partnering with regulatory and trade bodies A graduated approach
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